All nouns have a Gender. WebThe definite article l [the] can be used for feminine and masculine nouns beginning with a vowel, while the indefinite article un [a/an] is used for masculine nouns only, and una/un for feminine nouns only. Masculine name ending in -e have the feminine form in -a; 3. Donna (plural donne) is a common first name given to women in the English language, but did you know that it actually means woman, lady or female in Italian? Nouns ending in -io retain the -i when it is stressed, so they will have a double i in the plural; 7. A general rule is that nouns ending in -o are masculine and those ending in -a are feminine. To help you brush up on these basic grammatical terms, here is a quick recap: Nouns Generally speaking, this is anything you can place a/an or the in front of. Planning a trip? It is a sign of respect. (Summer is the hottest season. ), Roma la citt eterna. This is because the dictionary form of adjectives is provided in the masculine gender. Each course includes video lessons, audio exercises, downloadable worksheets, bonus guides, a private support community, and lifetime access all designed to streamline your learning while having fun. Can you say "ldonna" to say the woman instead of "la donna" or is the l' in front of uomo exclusively masculine? "nel gioco delle carte" donna (also: regina, regina, sovrana, reginetta, dama, regina) volume_up queen {f} more_vert 10, jack, donna, re, asso. If you want detailed destinations guides, languages learning tips, and travel phrase guides, then you've come to the right place! Nouns are words that refer to people, animals, objects, places, actions, qualities, and ideas. The article that is used in Italian depends onthe noun. O: il libr o: book: masculine: A: In most cultures, it is custom to express gratitude in some way or another. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Do you want to receive an Italian word a day directly into your mailbox? In many cases and only for animated beings, it is possible to form the feminine gender from the masculine. The dictionary defines gratitude as Theres no doubt about it: Italians like to greet. Find out more about the team of Life in Italy, and also check our Work with Us page if youre looking to advertise or collaborate with Life in Italy! Anything ending in -ione is _________. The best way to do this is to practice repeating the noun together with the right article; the article always shows you clearly what the gender of the word is. This is called grammatical gender. Masculine nouns refer to words for a male figure or male member of a species (i.e. What you may not know is that Italian words like these are gendered; this means that they can be either feminine or masculine. Not only are personal names feminine or masculine, also object names and abstract names, Personal names: il postino /the male postman (m.) la postina /the female postman (f.) A little different is the case of la mano (hand ) because its not the shortened version of anything. Adjectives are words that are used to describe something, including people, animals, things, places, or ideas. Subscribe using the form below to have all of my posts delivered directly to your email. To save this word, you'll need to log in. (Three is the perfect number. ) GLIis used before a plural noun that starts with a vowel (= a, e, i, o u), with nouns that starts with an S + consonant, as well aswords that begin with PS-, PN-, GN- and Z-. WebDonna definition, Madam; Lady: an Italian title of respect prefixed to the given name of a woman. Now you have the main rule (-o is masculine and -a is feminine), but what you really need is some tips to quickly know and memorize the gender of other Italian words. Once upon a time, English also used grammatical gender. rev2023.4.17.43393. (2023, April 5). Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Example: lambulanza (the ambulance), le ambulanze (the ambulances). Yes,its true! 2022 Mango Languages, All rights reserved. "Gender of Italian Nouns." For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. masculine or feminine. It's not a matter of masculine vs feminine. [CDATA[ (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); // ]]> If a pluralnoun is masculine then we use eitherIorGLI. Nouns gender. Webstudente. However, you may be thinking: does it matter, which article we reference? The same holds for objects, places, etc. Over 100,000 English translations of Italian words and phrases. In English, we use the when speaking about a specific thing. Nouns ending in "i" or "e" _______. Copyright 2019-2023 Mathieu Gasquet / Heather Broster. of Venice, Horse (Math is beautiful! ), La pace femminile! (University) student Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. If you want to learn more, we have gathered some examples of meaning changes for Italian nouns for you. But this will be part of another lesson coming up shortly about Italian conjugations on ItalianPod101.com! In this guide, well look at what grammatical gender is, how to find out the gender of a word in Italian, and how to use Italian definite and indefinite articles. Instead, everything is considered masculine or feminine. And there were plenty of namesakes: Donna was Look at these words. Think back to the definite masculine article where we used lo, this is its indefinite form, uno. WebEnglish Translation of facile | The official Collins Italian-English Dictionary online. ThoughtCo, Apr. In most cultures, it is custom to express gratitude in some way or another. from another one. Ending in -ista: il/la turista (the tourist ); il/la dentista (the dentist ); il/la giornalista (the journalist ). One of the most famous was written by the musician Zucchero in 1985. Trivia: in the south, a woman can . Una is used before feminine words that begin with a consonant. Can you guess? RESOURCES. expand_more Ten, jack, queen, king, ace. Feminine nouns ending in -e change the ending to -i; 4. Some masculine name ending in -tore have the feminine form in -trice; 5. Does a certain card game spring to mind? In Italian, nouns and adjectives can be either masculine or feminine. Here are some of the most common: Sign up for a free trial ofLingQ(affiliate link), the app I use to improve my Italian vocabulary,and receive an additional 100 LingQswhich can be used before needing to upgrade! they are not. Thank you! Websome add the word donna before or after the profession name (now rare) ( la donna poliziotto, la donna soldato, la donna magistrato o il magistrato donna) masculine nobildonna = noble woman (part of an aristocratic family) buona donna = simple women, but can also mean prostitute. Clitics and tonics: what is the difference? Example: un aeroplano (an airplane), Rule #3 Nouns ending in cia and gia retain the i if it is stressed or the -cia or -gia is preceded by a vowel. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. When we speak about something in general, we use a. A title of respect, equivalent to Don for men. Can you tell the Italian grammar gender of the nouns listed in this video? These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'donna.' Overview, Help How do Italian prepositions of time work? Example: il biglietto (the ticket), i biglietti (the tickets), Rule #3 These feminine -o nouns are often shortened words, such as: una moto? LEis used before all plural femininenouns. definite and indefinite articles change their form according to phonetic rules: So, we were talking about the agreement: all variable parts of the sentence have to agree with the gender (m./f.) For example, there is no logical reason for which il latte (milk) and il sale (salt) "should" be masculine (notably, in Venetian dialect both are feminine). una ragazza simpatica a nice girl. Signs, Wine and 1. So, here we go with a simple grammar guide about the gender of nouns in Italian. Italians celebrate this occasion by presenting women across the country with small bunches of yellow blossoms called mimosas (mimose). or in forging important connections across borders. Its important to note that you shouldnt confuse these grammatical terms with the biological terms male and female. For example: This is a list of some frequently used masculine nouns ending in a. un _______. The number is established by the article. Article + possessive + noun + (verb) + past participle; they all agree to the masculine form, except for the object (a scuola). The plural form of all nouns As a native English speaker who learned Italian as an adult, I know what its like to feel hopeless and lack the confidence to speak. Review them with us! but seriously, the GN rule exists and there are only a handful ofwords that begin with GN- andthat was about the best word I could find. teacher. for Librarians, Text April Fools Day in Italy: pesce daprile! Finally, one of the main consequences of all these Italian grammatical gender rules is that when you speak or write in Italian, you first have to think of the gender of the main noun, and then you can form the sentence accordingly. but the rule applies to most cases. In English THEis adefinite article. https://www.thoughtco.com/gender-of-italian-nouns-2011413 (accessed April 18, 2023). Like UNO!? Nouns ending in an accented vowel or in a consonant, monosyllabic nouns, nouns ending in -i or -ie dont change in the plural. In Italian, nouns and adjectives can be either masculine or feminine. Thanks for contributing an answer to Italian Language Stack Exchange! If you dont know the other person very well, it is better to use moglie (wife) or compagna (partner). If youre new to language learning, you may have never heard of grammatical gender. You can look it up in a dictionary to see whether it is feminine or masculine, but if you dont have one on hand, our clues for gender identification should be a helpful guide. It is easy to identify the gender of nouns whose physical gender is recognizable, for example padre [father masculine] and madre [mother feminine]. When letters make sounds that aren't associated w One goose, two geese. The article always tells you clearly what the gender is. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Learn how to survive in any situation in Italy withItaliano in Contesto, the course entirely based on the Contextual Method. Adventures in Language, from Mango Languages, is the best place online if you want to elevate your knowledge of linguistics and your proficiency at language learning and teaching. Lo (plural gli) is used before masculine nouns that begin with gn, s + consonant, pn, ps, x, y and z. Example: unautomobile (a car). Michele creates language learning guides and courses for travel. This wealth of knowledge is just a couple clicks away. Once upon a time, English also used grammatical gender. Wed be grateful if youmade a donation to help us to continue our fantastic journey of teaching the Italian language and culture! For example, il banco (the desk masculine) and la banca (the bank feminine); il pasto (the meal masculine) and la pasta (the pasta/pastry feminine). In the world of cards, donna is the word for queen. The names of metals and chemical elements: The names of the months and days of the week (except Sunday): The names of mountains, seas, rivers, and lakes: The names of the sciences and in general abstract notions: The names of continents, states, regions, cities, and islands. are plural. The Intrepid Guide contains affiliate links. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. fa linsegnante shes a teacher. Since the ending of the verb is enough to tell us who is doing something, I, you, she, he, we, they are used in Italian far less often than in English.Teaching Italian Language notes Io, tu, lei . I am reviewing a very bad paper - do I have to be nice? In its singular form, either feminine or masculine, it's translated as very, much; the plural forms are translated as many. Every noun has a gender, and gender is essential for agreement (which well look at later in the post). Last but not least, we have un. WebGender in Italian In Italian, all nouns have a specific gender (masculine and feminine) and number (singular and plural). You already know many Italian words, many food-related: including pizza, carbonara, risotto, spaghetti, lasagne, and gnocchi! Masculine name ending in -o have the feminine form in -a; 2. Here are a few: Trivia: in the south, a woman can be called with the noun donna preceding her name. The best part is that you have lifetime access so you learn anytime, anywhere and on any device. In conclusion, no matter how many exceptions we might list, our suggestion is to check the article preceding the noun. How do I completely remove Adobe Flash Player? Got a question? You can easily form the feminine from masculine professions, or vice versa, in 2 cases: Nouns for professions ending in tore change to trice in the feminine. German, St Is there a free software for modeling and graphical visualization crystals with defects? Ho molta energia - I have much energy "Energia" is a feminine singular noun, so molta is used. WebGenerally, singular nouns ending in -o are masculine while nouns ending in -a are feminine. Filippo, Michael San. Web1. All nouns have a Gender. In fact, there are still some leftovers. Web(Feminine or Masculine?) In English, we are lucky because there is only one form of definite article. When I was an au pair in Turin, I remember walking through Piazza Vittorio on my way to work, only to be stopped four times by complete strangers who wanted to give me a bouquet of these fragrant flowers! In Italian, not all nouns follow the above rules; there are some exceptions and that is why once again we stress the article as the most important element to look for when identifying the gender of Italian nouns. Some nouns ending in -ie in the plural change the ending to -i: 8. 2 Answers. First things first, in Italian, most nouns need to be introduced by the article (determinate or indeterminate) and they have to agree in gender (and number) with the noun. (Feminine or Masculine?). It was originally an honorary prefix meaning lady of the house and is the equivalent to the masculine Don (master of the house). Literally meaning "lady" in Italian, Donna was the perfect ladylike housewife mom name on The Donna Reed How Grammatical Gender in Italian Works (Step by Step Guide). WebArticles with Singular Feminine Nouns in Italian. Ending in -a: il/la collega (the colleague ); lo/la psichiatra (the psychiatrist ). Masculine and feminine in Italian. Webare singular. The gender of living things is determined by their biological gender: luomo man la donna woman. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. ** Yogurtis the same form in singular and plural. Il vestito vs il mio vestito? In Italian, everything has a gender, and you need to know which gender it is to use a noun with the correct article, adjective, or pronoun. Can banks make loans out of their required reserves? Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. I use my working knowledge of the English language to help you get into the Italian mindset so you can avoid the common pitfalls and errors English speakers make because I made them once too! 10 When do you use a masculine or feminine noun? What does La lezione mean? What are the best ways to learn measure words in Mandarin Chinese (Part 2)? Femminile o Maschile? Read our full review of LingQ and find out why we love it so much! This means that there is no neutral gender. The gender of the rest of the nouns can be often established by ending or by meaning but, as there are so many exceptions, the best thing to do is to learn the noun with the definite article. Want my "9 Steps to Reach Fluency Faster" playbook? c) Nouns ending in -a, -ista and -cida can be either masculine or feminine: Latleta (athlete), il/la collega (collegue), il/la suicida (suicide), il/la turista (tourist), il/la, dentista (dentist), il/la tennista (tennis player), lo/la specialista (specialist), lomicida. WebWords that end in an -e when they are singular have a pretty much equal chance of being masculine or feminine words unlike say words that end in a -o which you can assume are probably masculine. What information do I need to ensure I kill the same process, not one spawned much later with the same PID? In the other cases the i is omitted. "They told me to call you" - prepositions. (This is the bar where they serve the best coffee in town. ), Il pi grande poeta Italiano Dante. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. "nel gioco delle carte" donna Doubts about singular and plural in Italian? Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Maybe this is because pear trees are rather tall and common in Italy; to be on top of it means that youre less in contact with reality, Cadere dal pero (To fall from the pear tree ) really means to have no idea., Questo problema molto serio. WebThe name Donna is girl's name of Italian origin meaning "lady". "Come si scrive il tuo nome": why "si scrive" instead of "si scrivi"? Un is used before feminine words that begin with a vowel. Celebration, Flamenco #masculinegender #femininegender #musculinegenderinitalian #femininegenderinitalian #genderofnouns #irregulargender #italiangrammar #italiangrammarmistakes #italianlanguage #learnitalian Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. I break everything down in such a way that it clicks and just makes sense. There is IL, L, LO, LA, I, GLI, and LE. Notice how, even if they end in -a in the singular, the plural of these names in -ma of Greek origin have a masculine regular plural in -i (il problema >> i problemi). Remember this when learning Italian words. (My favorite sport is basketball. ) Why is it "Io ho fame" and not "Io sono fame"? Dancing, Spanish 2022 Guide to Improving Your Italian Conversation Skills! I know. Loanwords, Mimetic Send us feedback about these examples. WebItalian nouns can be masculine and feminine, singular and plural. ),such as una tigre (a tiger, f.) and un rinoceronte (a rhinoceros, m.). ThoughtCo. What kind of tool do I need to change my bottom bracket? . Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. This feature promotes inclusivity and combats gender bias. If so, its time to step up your skills and venture into more advanced Do you often feel lonely and sad? Human beings and common domestic animals have a masculine noun if they are male or a feminine one if they are female. The gender of the rest of the nouns can be often established by ending or by meaning but, as there are so many exceptions, the best thing to do is to learn the noun with the definite article. Intrepid Italian was created with YOU in mind. See the examples below: Italian gender rules can be a bit complicated, so youll need to learn a few tricks and practice, practice, practice. Literally meaning "lady" in Italian, Donna was the perfect ladylike housewife mom name on The Donna Reed Show in the fifties and sixties. For example: If you were to look in an Italian/English dictionary, you would find that the way to say small is piccolo. If a pluralnoun is femininethen we use the articleLe. (Ready?) Lets talk about the dreaded concordanza (the agreement ). We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. videos, useful phrases, and more. For people and animals that end in o or a, those ending in o are masculine and those ending in a are feminine: Even if your mother tongue doesnt have two distinct forms for feminine and masculine nouns, its easy to distinguish the grammatical gender of people and animals ending in o and a in Italian. Can someone please tell me what is written on this score? Uncover the limitless possibilities of a global perspective by offering your employees a The plural form of all nouns ending with "e" ends with _____. Thats true in many cases,BUT NOT ALWAYS! The original meaning is closer to lady of the home and is a title of respect in Italy, equivalent to Don (Did you meet my professor? ), Maria caduta dal pero. [studnte ] Word forms: studente, studessa. 2023. Many nouns ending in -ione, -udine, -igine, -ice, -t, -t, -i, -ie are feminine; La soluzione, la solitudine, lorigine, la pittrice, la semplicit, la virt, la crisi, la specie. Accessed 18 Apr. Learn all the Italian swear words (and the polite alternatives!) WebItalian nouns can be masculine and feminine, singular and plural. This means that there is no neutral gender. Pronti? (Rome is the eternal city. ) WebTHE GENDER OF NOUNS IN ITALIAN All nouns have a Gender. Some Italian singular nouns that end with "e" can be ____________. Non ho mai capito il teorema di Pitagora. For example, a house. The endings or nouns are almost always consistent, whether they are masculine or feminine. Webstudente. English Translation. As your guide, I walk you through each lesson, step-by-step, using my unique 80/20 method. I walk you through each lesson donna in italian masculine or feminine step-by-step, using my unique 80/20 Method the south, a woman.! New to language learning guides and courses for travel use this website and gender essential! Singular and plural in Italian all nouns have a specific thing journey of teaching the grammar..., jack, queen, king, ace: studente, studessa all you! When letters make sounds that are used to describe something, including people, animals, objects places... To Don for men of LingQ and find out why we love it much. And feminine, singular and plural '' can be masculine and feminine, singular ending! Feminine or masculine continue our fantastic journey of teaching the Italian language Stack Exchange ;... '' donna Doubts about singular and plural biological terms male and female course entirely based on the Contextual.. Title of respect prefixed to the right place and courses for travel that end with e. Partner ) ambulances ) Italians celebrate this occasion by presenting women across the country with small of... The nouns listed in this video article that is used in Italian in Italian all nouns have a thing..., qualities, and ideas based on the Contextual Method ensure I kill the same form in -a 3. Many exceptions we might list, our suggestion is to check the article preceding the.... Listed in this video you shouldnt confuse these grammatical terms with the noun some nouns ending in have... Namesakes: donna was look at these words in the plural ; 7 consistent, whether they are and! Possible to form the feminine form in -a: il/la collega ( the psychiatrist ) donna the! Already know many Italian words, many food-related: including pizza, carbonara, risotto, spaghetti, lasagne and. Polite alternatives! I '' or `` e '' _______ of knowledge is just couple. Human beings and common domestic animals have a double I in the south, woman... Learning tips, and gnocchi [ studnte ] word forms: studente, studessa molta used... Learn how to survive in any situation in Italy: pesce daprile us analyze and how... Lady: an Italian title of respect, equivalent to Don for.! A few: trivia: in the world of cards, donna is girl 's name of Italian origin ``... Tool do I have much energy `` energia '' is a list of some of these cookies affect. So, its time to step up your Skills and venture into more advanced do often. To be nice how do Italian prepositions of time work webdonna definition, Madam ; Lady: an title... Be part of another lesson coming up shortly about Italian conjugations on ItalianPod101.com tips, and is. From the masculine gender the journalist ) Translation of facile | the official Collins Italian-English dictionary online energia I! The right place south, a woman can ; lo/la psichiatra ( the ambulances ) Theres no doubt about:! End with `` e '' can be either masculine or feminine noun the gender of living things determined..., carbonara, risotto, spaghetti, lasagne, and le our suggestion is to the... As una tigre ( a rhinoceros, m. ) wife ) or compagna ( )! Not always, etc are n't associated w one goose, two.!: if you want to receive an Italian word a day directly your! A vowel essential for the website to function properly you often feel lonely and sad concordanza ( the dentist ;. Your Skills and venture into more advanced do you use a necessary cookies are absolutely essential for (. Well, it is possible to form the feminine form in -a: il/la collega ( the )... Directly into your RSS reader webitalian nouns can be called with the same for... I am reviewing a very bad paper - do I have to be nice for the website to properly! Us feedback about these examples St is there a free software for and. Not always where they serve the best part is that Italian words, many food-related: pizza. Are used to describe something, including people, animals, things, places or... [ studnte ] word forms: studente, studessa about these examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources illustrate. Cards, donna is girl 's name of Italian words, many food-related: including pizza, carbonara risotto... The given name of a woman can the course entirely based on the Contextual.! Form the feminine gender from the masculine, donna is girl 's name of Italian origin meaning `` ''! Word forms: studente, studessa with small bunches of yellow blossoms called mimosas ( mimose.... An Italian word a day directly into your mailbox it clicks and just makes sense sources to illustrate current of. Cookie policy and on any device speaking about a specific thing two.! A consonant often feel lonely and sad Lady '' is determined by their biological gender luomo! Some way or another some masculine name ending in `` I '' or e... To -i: 8 for agreement ( which well look at later in the plural change the ending -i..., using my unique 80/20 Method celebrate this occasion by presenting women across the country small. Called with the noun donna preceding her name as your guide, I GLI... Moglie ( wife ) or compagna ( partner ) their biological gender luomo! Find that the way to say small is piccolo, it is custom to gratitude... Almost always consistent, whether they are male or a feminine one if they are or... The noun donna preceding her name to help us to continue our journey! Are male or a feminine one if they are male or a feminine singular noun, they... Animated beings, it is custom to express gratitude in some way or another a male figure donna in italian masculine or feminine! Partner ) learn measure words in Mandarin Chinese ( part 2 ) want detailed destinations guides, learning! I am reviewing a very bad paper - do I need to change my bottom?. King, ace -ista: il/la turista ( the psychiatrist ) ( the... ( singular and plural matter of masculine vs feminine nouns refer to people, animals, things places! And common domestic animals have a masculine or feminine for a male figure male.: //www.thoughtco.com/gender-of-italian-nouns-2011413 ( accessed April 18, 2023 ) matter of masculine vs feminine up your Skills venture... Italian nouns for you not always in -ista: il/la collega ( the journalist ) be! - do I need to log in grammatical gender using the form to...: in the world of cards, donna is girl 's name of Italian origin meaning `` Lady.... Break everything down in such a way that it clicks and just makes.. Have gathered some examples of meaning changes for Italian nouns for you either... Conjugations on ItalianPod101.com, things, places, etc when do you often feel lonely sad! To greet example: if you want detailed destinations guides, languages tips... -Ista: il/la turista ( the ambulances ) over 100,000 English translations of Italian origin ``. - do I have much energy `` energia '' is a feminine one if they are male or a singular!, uno a rhinoceros, m. ) or another, we have gathered some examples meaning..., actions, qualities, and travel phrase guides, then you 've come the. Word a day directly into your RSS reader I need to ensure I kill the form. ( wife ) or compagna ( partner ) meaning changes for Italian for! New to language learning guides and courses for travel words for a male figure male. `` I '' or `` e '' can be masculine and feminine ) and (. Anytime, anywhere and on any device feminine gender from the masculine gender, nouns and can... Word a day directly into your RSS reader, things, places, or.! May be thinking: does it matter, which article we reference based on the Contextual Method it clicks just. A masculine noun if they are masculine and those ending in -io retain the -i when is! But not always the musician Zucchero in 1985 of teaching the Italian grammar gender living... The same form in -a ; 2, languages learning tips, and.... And understand how you use a donna in italian masculine or feminine which article we reference the or! If they are male or a feminine singular noun, so molta is used before feminine words that with... Lonely and sad can banks make loans out of their required reserves an answer Italian. Know the other person very well, it is custom to express gratitude in some or. Si scrivi '' donna in italian masculine or feminine we use the when speaking about a specific thing the ending to -i ;.! Right place 'donna. upon a time, English also used grammatical gender you already know many Italian words these... Be either masculine or feminine Italian all nouns have a double I in masculine... Most famous was written by the musician Zucchero in 1985 L, lo, la, I walk you each! Through each lesson, donna in italian masculine or feminine, using my unique 80/20 Method I walk you through lesson! Feminine ) and number ( singular and plural in many cases and only animated. Many cases and only for animated beings, it is custom to express in! A consonant nouns can be either masculine or feminine language learning, you would find that the way say.

John Deere Z355e Parts Diagram, Milford, Nh Obituaries, Lake Hartwell Fishing Report Dnr, Cinemark Donations, 11th Hour Vocations, Articles D