I didn't view it as that at all. The physics department was very small, and the only way you could get a doctoral program was to do something with chemistry, so they created this graduate program in Chemical Physics. He could not have done it if it hadn't been for the president, Robert White. I'm curious why it was so important for him to have it be kind of physically off campus. I wanted to see more spin-off companies. If we had such an electrical engineering department, we probably could've done it, but we didn't have one. As a graduate student, when I got into nuclear magnetic resonance, I had a research assistantship while I was working on my PhD, and that was funded with a grant. We were able to get substantial DARPA support for things. But I'm still on the board of the company, and they kindly give me a little office here, let me come in and talk to people. CRAWFORD: That's correct, that was the spirit of that program. you lucky dog. We had meetings and all sorts of interactions, particularly through the Hughes Research group. Phil Bos knows what those students did when they went out there. DOANE: I think it was a variety of things. It was bistable, so we could make low-power, full color reflective displays. But I'd say from Kent State University's point of view, it was the visibility in the science field. The dean for research then was a professor named Eugene Wenninger. It was a very fun time. Objectif : Valoriser 10 000 tonnes de matires organiques agricoles par an et 100 m3/h de biomthane, soit l'quivalent de la consommation en gaz de 1000 foyers. But we really made a nice presentation. [And I wanted to get Alfred Saupe, Adriaan De Vries , who was doing X-rays, Mary Neubert, a synthetic chemist and others at the Institute, into the programs at the research campus and more involved with the department faculty]. His name is on a couple patents. Then, we had to decide what to do with this program. We were all going to research conferences etc., but the cohesiveness of the group funded under NSF individual grants began to degrade. If you lower the voltage of the pulse to another certain level, it will turn to the other texture for the background. You need extremely clean environments to do display research as well as switchable windows and other things. But the first two years of graduate school, I really couldn't do too much research. I wanted to tie these things together. The universities, back then [ particularly before Bayh-Dole ] didnt have ways to manage secrets or patents necessarily, but universities can these days which ends up being transferred in some way to industry. Some agreed to put large sums of money directly into the Institute for further development of polymer dispersions. Universities tend to value fundamental or basic research as it is something they can publish. Even at that time, there was some discussion of, "What really are these things? Staff reports. Last month, the real estate company QIC was going to buy Forest City's stake in the Town Center Mall. Each room has its own private bath. Before, it was called Kent Display Systems. I didn't think I wanted to stay in the Army. CRAWFORD: And that was because of the shift to displays?DOANE: Yeah, because of the overall liquid crystal program. And there was a market for writing tablets in China. It could make a nice flat screen display but was a big drain on the battery. It was a source of funding in an exciting area of research for faculty to get into and apply what they knew to that. The very first conference Glenn formed, I pulled out the booklet for that to see who had attended, and there were a few people from industry. CRAWFORD: Were there any demonstrations that stood out or led to anything significant?DOANE: Actually, there were quite a number. [Laugh]CRAWFORD: Where did this expertise come from? It's a win-win situation to have local companies build up around a university. This is what inspired me when I got into patenting myself. Shortly after that, we had a project with a company outside the beltway in Washington DC that had a defense contract to develop some very secret thing. Turns out, it was extremely important because later on, when we came to the ALCOM [Advanced Liquid Crystalline Optical Materials] Center, that was extremely valuable.CRAWFORD: Why was that?DOANE: At that time NSF started a new program for Science and Technology Centers, and it was a new direction for NSF. India, Russia, Japan, all over the place. CRAWFORD: Would you say that's true for yourself, that you've learned better when you can see the uses?DOANE: Oh, yeah. However, there were a couple people on the board of trustees at Kent State University at that time who were very helpful. But Hoffmann-La Roche patented the twist cell display in Europe. They didn't want to make displays, but they wanted to license it worldwide. Today's date is August 10th, 2021. The only places I could see it going in the US was to General Motors, 3M, and a small company in Texas. While I was trying to think of a polite way to say no, he said, "Only reason I ask is that I'm in a Methodist church, and I've been organizing a softball team. Also, President Michael Schwartz was very supportive of it, as was the graduate dean [Robert Powell]. That was a discovery that turned out to be not only of scientific interest but also ended up in many applications. This not only includes your local university, but other universities and small colleges. Is there anything we haven't discussed that you think is particularly important? Why don't we pause for now? It strikes me asyou've talked about how those kind of relationships were challenging, the relationships between academia and industry, and so forth. New York Nails. Good morning, Dr. Doane. After he got his degree, he worked in industry, and it could've been that he just didn't understand academia. But it's different now. And the Army became interested in full color, and I was able to get a contract with the defense agencies through DARPA to develop full color on flexible plastic substrates. The name of the company who manufactures this now and markets it is Ebulent [and its CEO is Xiao-Yang Huang]. DOANE: The early 70s, of course, is when the THEMIS grant was going. Then, I saw that maybe this was an opportunity for a university to get involved in display research. And the governor came. [Laugh] When we had our meetings and discussions, I always wanted to see something, not just a bunch of words and slides. We picked the simplest display we could possibly make, and that was the writing tablet, the Boogie Board. My only problem with Jim is, I thought it would've been nice if he could've been more interactive with the academic part of it. I wonder if you could tell us when and where you were born and what your early childhood was like.DOANE: Sure. My parents were very supportive of that and helped me with it. For the guy who takes on the challenge of the unpopular aspects of science it is often the guy who finds the exciting breakthroughs. - City . It was really nice. CRAWFORD: Looking back on your career in science, we can see, just from this conversation, that being a scientist involves much more than just working at a lab bench or working with NMR technologies. She was wanting to start a family, and we thought we could do that, even while I was in graduate school. That turned out to be a wise, wise decision because the job opportunities in that field are far higher. CRAWFORD: It sounds like you're saying it's partly a cultural thing.DOANE: Yes. Of course, we pay for it, but it's nice to have that facility available, and it's nice for them to make it available.CRAWFORD: Did Kent Displays then, and does it now, send its own people to use the facilities? He has been key to the companys success and is with the company today.CRAWFORD: And that was in 1993?DOANE: Yeah. Two miles from the noonday creek trail!Directions: Google, Waze. I had considered staying and working at the University of Washington, but I really wanted to work with Nelson Duller. He's got a lot of patents and publications of his own. I was then able to convince the University to take an exclusive license for the technology for all applications. That was my interest. He did that, and the experiment was a failure because the liquid crystal mixed with the epoxy. There is one here at Kent Displays that is used to welcome people.CRAWFORD: I've seen that. Were there lessons you took away from it?DOANE: The big lesson I learned about patenting was not so much from this patent as it was from operating on my own, later on, under the Bayh-Dole Act. I thought Jim did a nice job getting this program off the ground. Obviously, the science is important. He got very interested in these polymer dispersions and helped me with them. One of the things that happened at this time actually involves the Institute. And in the meantime, I'd talked with others who may have wanted to invest in it, some people up in Cleveland who thought they might do it. That would've been fine, except when Jim was at Kent State, when he was writing the patent for this twist cell, he got some development money from Timex, a US wristwatch company. DOANE: Yes. I didn't necessarily look at it as a way just to help my own research, although I could see that it would help to have other people around doing this. I wanted to get the Institute to an area where we could fund it, and the only way I could see funding at that time was to get some applied activity going on. And other people in the Institute, in the physics and chemistry departments, then began to do other things with displays, things like retardation layers, alignment films, and various kinds of things it takes to make a display. My Toy Chest. I dont think it is generally realized the importance of liquid crystal materials has played in todays digital world. It just seemed like a good thing for the physics department and university as well as I could see interest from the faculty and university for doing this. We decided to focus on the use of displays in signs. It only takes a tiny amount of power when you erase it. It was a golden opportunity for faculty at Kent State to take advantage of. I saw an opportunity [to develop high-definition flat panel displays for the defense agencies]. Looking back on it, I'm not sure why he hired Fergason in the first place. Town Center at Cobb 55 Shopping Malls By 646lorit Stores range from upscale Abercrombie to the $7.99 store. We graduated a lot of students in the ALCOM center, not only from Kent State but Case Western Reserve and Akron. Also, it involved radio frequencies, something I was really familiar with. It was wonderful. I walked down the hall, looking in doors, seeing what this physics department looked like. One of the employees at that time left the company and has taken that technology with him. He often spoke about that, living systems. I wanted to stay here. I think he may have written it when he was at the University of Cincinnati. I didn't think we had a chance in hell of getting this thing because it was thrown together so fast. It was a very fun time, actually. CRAWFORD: Maybe not as a categorial research program. As an academic institution, our prime responsibility is to pursue fundamental research. There were in addition several senior research fellows that include Adriaan De Vries doing x ray studies, and Mary Neubert who performed chemical synthesis of liquid crystal materials for all the researchers to work on.] Information on the people and the population of Les Avenires Veyrins-Thuellin. Disease has always been the biggest killer. Also, the US. Fergason, on the other hand, wanted to use liquid crystals to make things. That's what I did for my personal research however it was a small part of the overall program. Our very first high-volume manufacturing line was supported by the state of Ohio. Location! One experiment he wanted to do was to look at cosmic rays that came in on the horizon and passed through the Rocky Mountains, to see how they were absorbed in the Rocky Mountains. As I understand it, Timex got a royalty-free license to use the technology.CRAWFORD: This has so many elements of the challenges of patenting in the university context, which is difficult. I don't think they had any effect on the Institute or what it was doing. We usually make it green because the eye picks up green very well. But after a while, the Army saw, and we did, too, that manufacturing these in high volume was not going to be an easy task. I could have a display film that was flexible, the liquid crystal wouldn't flow out of it, it was trapped inside of it. I appreciate you doing this. At that time, signs were primarily mom-and-pop-type organizations, and furthermore, after a year or two, I saw that the University wasn't licensing this for other uses anywhere or even marketing it. They have to have an incentive, or they're not going to spend the time on it. They didn't want to do it. [Laugh] There are all sorts of enticements. Kansas Manhattan Houses $1,400 710 S Manhattan Ave 710 S Manhattan Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 South Manhattan 2 Beds 1 Bath 1400 Sqft Contact Property Learn more, take a tour, and get one step closer to your new home. Kent State made money on licensing, [but they didnt make a lot in view of work and the trouble it can cause, particularly if the patent is challenged and there is a court battle. Because one radio frequency would interfere with the other. Also in chemistry was Derry Fishel doing synthesis work. As far as the material he was talking about, he was perhaps right. My focus changed later toward applications of liquid crystals, but that was it at that time. Over the years, I've directed something like 25 doctoral dissertations, and I don't know how many master's students. In order to get color, you have to filter the light through red, green, and blue filters, and those filters absorb a lot of light. CRAWFORD: Did GM or Hughes send people as well?DOANE: We had demonstrations from Hughes and other companies, but I don't remember exactly the demos they provided. We had to develop courses. Bill got the company going, but the defense contracts helped it to grow to further develop the technology. There was more of an awareness brought on, and I credit that to a lot of the defense agencies. It really got into the writing experience, as well as advancing it to fit this into digital technology, how to do it in color, things like that. This put them in an awkward position. University patenting was difficult for different reason, but from what I understand, I think around '65, '67, there was an individual in the federal government who was trying to make it easier for federal universities to patent research. You described the Society for Information Displays as an industry group when you first met with them. Then, there was another project he was very excited about, and I thought it was interesting, too, because it was more electronics-oriented. This open floor plan and dual decks-front and back offer room for entertaining and family fun. DOANE: You can find venture capitalists, but finding one that fits with you can be an issue. DOANE: I would say it was '83 maybe, something like that. Did those events shape the Institute in any significant way? But I don't think he would've hired Saupe if he wanted to only focus on that. He decided to patent it on his own which turned out to be a serious problem for the University.As I recall, there was an attorney up in Cleveland to help him in this effort. I knew nothing about marketing or sales, and I didn't view myself as somebody to run the company. Dec 20, 2021. CRAWFORD: When he did talk about applications, it was mostly in cancer detection work with breast cancer and so forth, and less about the work on displays and stuff. [Laugh] I went to high school in Southwest Missouri. He just didn't adapt to the situation that was developing. That $8 million would've been a lot better spent going to developing products and marketing. Also, there were a lot of students involved. I think he was able to keep everybody here and keep the place running. That's really a benefit for [Kent Displays]. I think that's what I learned from it. Faculty and research fellows in the Kent group were finding it more difficult to find support. Another contribution was creating new products. I got a scholarship from high school to the University of Missouri. August 9, 2021August 10, 2021August 16, 2021Location of Interview: Kent Displays in Kent, Ohio. It wasn't just because of this that it wound up in Japan, Kent was only a small part of the problem. It wasn't easy for the company to do all that. To me, it was a good way to focus.CRAWFORD: And you saw liquid crystals as something that had broader utility.DOANE: Yeah. Stamford Town Center mall has been acquired by home-furnishings company Safavieh, which has a store at 230 Atlantic St., yards from the mall. When the time came I went to Kent, and one person I interviewed with was the dean for research, who at that time was Glenn Brown. [Laugh] I left my wife and family in Tulsa, and with the dog, I drove back 800 miles to Kent in one day and put together this proposal. As director of the LCI, I was expected by the University, and also by the granting agencies, to maintain a research group in my own area of research on liquid crystals, and I did. Originally moving into the space between physics and chemistry was essential in getting the ALCOM Center. I had an engineering group and a polymer group, and having organized this group, we put another proposal together. I just happened to see the right people at the right time. Request More Information. There now have been many other spinoffs. By that time, our CEO had left the company, and this person decided to join the company as our new CEO because he'd become interested in the cholesteric liquid crystal technology. It usually involves lectures and breakout sessions. ]You had to really make a little circuit at each pixel site to really make these things switch well. I was awarded it at Goodyear As an aside, I comment that following the award it turned out that Goodyear became interested in the technology because they thought it might look good on a blimp. Absolutely. But what a distraction that was, taking considerable time away from company development.That's the thing about patents: a patent doesn't help you much unless you protect it. CRAWFORD: It really seems to force the question of application.DOANE: Yes, it forces the question of applications. It was good PR for MIT. This is our third session. The twist cell turned out to be the best approach but had its own drawbacks. But we were able to get Saupe here. My understanding of the institute at that time was that, he brought in Sardari Arora as a chemist, and a physical chemist Adriaan De Vries, who did X-ray work, [and a postdoc, Bill Bacon]. Well, I talked to Shirley, and we didn't know that we could really afford to move down there. Right away, we were beginning to make signs out of the cholesteric liquid crystal technology. Akron has a very strong polymer program, which is helpful to us, too. As with other faculty in physics and chemistry,] it helped me build up a very nice laboratory with a lot of students involved. You mentioned GM and Tektronix. Prices and availability are subject to change without notice. At that time, I think he committed $20 million up front. She'd recall these numbers easily as she was a superb manager.CRAWFORD: What did this mean in terms of the research agenda, either for your group or the Institute as a whole? With her in such a facility, for example, a physicist, chemist or some other scientist could walk down the hall and say, "Mary, I need to have this or that material" and she would synthesize it, an extremely valuable asset for liquid crystal research. And because he was very interested in applications, I believe he was [more entrepreneurially oriented]. I saw only a few closed stores on. [Laugh] That program was very helpful in building up our program and getting more involved in display research. Together, we went to many US and foreign companies and found ourselves negotiating license agreements. There was even some interest in Europe, and here was some licensing there, too. One such group was run by a developer named Larry Tannas. I began to explore other avenues of funding around that time. We were surprised to see this result. It's caused governments and people in general to think about doing a better job in how we deal with these pathogens, viruses, and stuff. Then, within a year, my wife got pregnant, and we had another child. My father, in order to afford to send them to high school and college, started a little filling station that developed into a country store. It was focused on basic research, and it was a lot of money. Furthermore, Saupe wasn't doing physics, he was doing work on the structure of small molecules, so really, chemistry. I didn't know whether I could go or not. I just thought engineering was the place to be for what I seemed to like. Usually, in magnetic resonance, your radio signals are absorbed by the nuclear spins, but you could get them so they could emit. As I understand Phil, this display technology you're looking at right there on your cell phone is from one of our students.CRAWFORD: For the audio, you're showing me an Apple iPhone. Ive been told that China likes them in train stations and various public places.CRAWFORD: Same thing with the Boogie Board, right? He made slide rules and sold them. The University of Missouri was where I could go because I had support. This chemical physics program was still on the books, but nobody was using it anymore. It was called nuclear spin pumping. Not very long after I started this company, they removed them. I convinced Bill Manning to come aboard and also found somebody to run the company. They saw that it had opportunity, so they patented it in Europe. I think liquid crystals have played a big role in science, particularly in flat-panel displays. DOANE: Yeah. For more information, please see our DOANE: Yeah. Because that was something they could really do, what's called a seven-segment display. [Laugh]CRAWFORD: That's true. CRAWFORD: It sounded more like kind of an aspiration. Beautiful Brick Front End Unit Townhome nestled in East Cobb Marietta with NO HOA's. I'm not sure what expertise he'd gained at his former employment, but he was a good one to guide a company that had to learn to do almost everything from manufacturing to sales. It was horrible. Why did you decide to retire?DOANE: Several reasons. Their backlighting technology was becoming cheaper and cheaper as was battery technology, and it was becoming harder to compete. Did you and Fergason remain friends?DOANE: Yes, I didn't have any problem with Jim. And to give the University some visibility, and give the faculty visibility so they could get grants and stuff. At that time, the liquid crystals were unstable and would decompose over time. I thought it was nice to have Fergason doing these things. But I didn't really do too much because it's primarily coursework. It was not a simple problem because back then transistors were laid down in little chips. But I had no issues with him. It has played a big role [scientifically and technologically]. He carried the technology to General Motors and got them involved. Paranormal Cirque III - Brandon, FL - April 27 - 30, 2023 Hosted By Paranormal Cirque III. But my wife was very good at handling things by herself. Les Avenires Veyrins-Thuellin : Les Avenires Veyrins-Thuellin Localisation : Country France, Region Auvergne-Rhne-Alpes, Department Isre. After ALCOM, the new building was needed as the program had grown substantially. I hired John to help me with these dispersions, and he made great contributions. And I think your work is absolutely essential in exploring how all of this happened and getting the history on it right. I was an officer, so she could come, and we could live off-base. There was actually talk of just eliminating the program with various faculty continuing to do their own thing with liquid crystals.CRAWFORD: The Institute?DOANE: Yeah. Its called a cholesteric liquid crystal. The only thing it did was shut us down for a while. I saw a big opportunity to do that. We put the infringing company out of business, and their attorneys faced a little bit of trouble, too. Dr. Doane, thanks for agreeing to speak to me again.J. [End Part 1][Start Part 2]MATTHEW CRAWFORD: My name is Matthew Crawford. That's perfect. I told President Mike Schwartz, and his [Vice President for Academic Affairs] at the time, [Terry] Roark. Kansas Manhattan Houses $625 1225 Claflin Rd 1225 Claflin Rd unit 6, Manhattan, KS 66502 1 Bed 1 Bath Contact Property Learn more, take a tour, and get one step closer to your new home. The company ultimately failed. DOANE: Building the research graduate programs, yes. The University was putting money into it that had been arranged earlier, and it looked like it wasn't going anywhere as it set by itself apart from the research campus.CRAWFORD: Did you want to take over as director? It was sort of an informal, gradual retirement. This would give the University the opportunity to license it off to other companies for other kinds of display applications besides signs. I had a lot of trouble doing it because chemistry viewed it as an encroachment. If you have a joint development, you determine who owns it and who doesnt, this kind of thing. From Akron University [we have hired students with expertise in polymers. Glenn called me into his office and wanted to talk about Jim Fergason. I was taking this physics course, and one day, while in the physics laboratory I wanted to take a break from what I was doing. [Laugh] We wound up with a clear liquid mess on the laboratory bench. The funding for Kent Displays was strictly Bill Manning.CRAWFORD: And then, you mentioned getting some defense contracts. We could make a low power reflective display with that. [Laugh] I sat down with DengKe and we wrote a patent. As I recall, there was somebody from Xerox. Use in publications or productions is prohibited without written permission from Kent State University. For example, without that, I probably couldn't even have convinced Rudy Butler to build this building and centralize the effort on the research campus. Then, you have to pass graduate exams and so on. [Start Part 1]MATTHEW CRAWFORD: My name is Matthew Crawford. I think this is the only example I know of where this has happened, where two different countries have a different patent ownership. If you're going to have a graduate program, you have to have faculty who can bring in money, at least in sciences. I remember earlier, I wanted to make a radio. Both states are extremely stable so that the writing stays there until someone wants to erase it. Not much later. [Laugh] While liquid crystals could get that feature, it had a very short temperature range. Akron contributed really nicely to the display technology because with polymers, they could make things like retardation films, and Akron really got involved. Anyway, it quickly became realized that in order to make a really good flat-panel display, one that would work at video-rate speeds, you had to have a little transistor circuit at each one of those pixel sites. [Laughs] I was pretty much an only child. Even then, when I wrote the patent, I knew nothing about licensing. It really gives us a lot of insight.DOANE: It's kind of fun to go back and think through these things. This unique feature makes possible all sorts of low power, color reflective display applications. [Laugh] But I was able to do it. What were your hopes and goals for the company when you founded it?DOANE: There were several reasons I wanted to start the company, one of them being that at that time, I was directing the ALCOM Center at Kent State, and we were developing new technology. We are continuously working to improve the accessibility of our web experience for everyone, and we welcome feedback and accommodation requests. Right away, I could tell this was really something different because with the NMR, you could see both features very well [by how the molecules were ordered]. With that, I got the institute into a program with the University of Southern California. With regards to science, in high school, I got involved with amateur radio. CRAWFORD: In the scientific world, especially in academia, publication is very important. Industry was doing a lot of that kind of research then. The next day, we came back in, and the clear liquid mess had turned to a beautiful white solid. When I came to Kent in 1965, physics had just started its graduate program. An oral history interview with J. William Doane, Emeritus Professor of Physics, Emeritus Director of the Liquid Crystal Institute (LCI) at Kent State University, and Co-Founder and Senior Advisor at Kent Displays, Inc., in Kent, Ohio. I'm an Associate Professor and Historian of Science at Kent State University. I never heard him talk much about displays. I wanted to see that technology get into the US economy in some way. How do they function on a molecular level?" The institute strongly contributed to that in many different ways. © 2023 Kent State University All rights reserved. But it was a hot new field, and I thought it was a better way to go. It was called JTech. John West is the one to talk about that.CRAWFORD: He took over as director after you, correct?DOANE: He did [at a time when the new building was being built]. He didnt fit in well in the University environment.. Or at least we thought it was at that time. They wanted something you could wear, could see very clearly, and not have to change the battery. I know Kent State doesn't, for sure. Below is a list of activities and point of interest in Les Avenires Veyrins-Thuellin and its surroundings. I wanted to get him a position in physics. Then, there's also the question of whether the research was done on campus, licensing, and so forth. Best Buy Kennesaw 850 Cobb Place Blvd NW Kennesaw, GA 30144 Get Directions 1000 feet 250 m 2023 Microsoft Corporation Terms Store Hours Open Now - Closes at 8:00 PM Curbside Pickup Hours Open Now - Closes at 8:00 PM E-mail Us (770) 424-7868 Top Deals On this Page: Shop Specialty Shops & Services Promotions FAQs Reviews Nearby Stores About

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