ionic equation for silver nitrate and potassium bromide

HOH Peptide Bond Alanie Y qoo Guysine , / . It is very hygroscopic and dissolves well in water. solid. There spectator ions. Fully considering the . Instant photo operations can generate more than a hundred gallons of dilute silver waste solution per day. Please consider the following alkane. Enter the net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous sodium chloride with aqueous silver nitrate. Hence Co(OH)2 will precipitate according to the following net ionic equation: \(Co^{2+}(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) \rightarrow Co(OH)_2(s)\). Related questions. So what is left then is the net ionic equation. Lead with a two plus sulfate with a tu minus gives us just one of each of them. Image used with permission from Wikipedia. Give the balanced formula equation, complete ionic equation, and net ionic equation for the reaction between silver nitrate and sodium hydroxide. And when the Catalan switch places, barium carbonate is a potential product and according to the scalability rules this is insoluble. It's our precipitate. At last, were ready to write a net ionic equation. We know that 500 mL of solution produced 3.73 g of AgCl. How can a map enhance your understanding? Now for the last one we have led to nitrate reacting with potassium sulfate. CaCl 2(aq) + Pb(NO 3) 2(aq) Ca(NO 3) 2(aq) + PbCl 2(s) Answer. KI and Pb(NO3)2 solutions are mixed to give a precipitate. Although largely supplanted by digital photography, conventional methods are often used for artistic purposes. The complete ionic equation for this reaction is as follows: \(2Ag^+(aq) + 2F^-(aq) + 2NH_4^+(aq) + Cr_2O_7^{2-}(aq) \rightarrow Ag_2Cr_2O_7(s) + 2NH_4^+(aq) + 2F^-(aq)\tag{4.2.5}\). This reaction is a double displacement reaction. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! In doing so, it is important to recognize that soluble and insoluble are relative terms that span a wide range of actual solubilities. Although soluble barium salts are toxic, BaSO4 is so insoluble that it can be used to diagnose stomach and intestinal problems without being absorbed into tissues. If a reaction does occur, write the net ionic equation. (During the titration, this amount of HCI will be neutralized by NaOH.) What is the net ionic equation for the reaction of silver nitrate with sodium iodide? Nitrate has one minus charge. But this net an equation is not yet balanced. A Because barium chloride and lithium sulfate are strong electrolytes, each dissociates completely in water to give a solution that contains the constituent anions and cations. According to the question, a pale-yellow precipitate is formed in the reaction. An x-ray of the digestive organs of a patient who has swallowed a barium milkshake. A barium milkshake is a suspension of very fine BaSO4 particles in water; the high atomic mass of barium makes it opaque to x-rays. After That, as competition increases, earnings growth is expected to slow to 5% per year and continue at that level forever. Show that {9,} has subsequence that converges uniformly for 0 < t < 1. Question #fee47 Sulfate has a tu minus charge. When the Catalan switch places we will get iron to hydroxide and according to the scalability rules hydroxide. A According to Table 4.2.2, lead acetate is soluble (rule 3). Consider the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of potassium bromide and silver(I) nitrate are combined. Sodium chromate + silver nitrate to. In a balanced ionic equation: (Color photography works in much the same way, with a combination of silver halides and organic dyes superimposed in layers.) This will be the precipitate that forms. A molecular equation is a chemical equation in which all reactants and products have So we need to potassium for every sulfate and according to sally ability rules both of these are soluble because they are both soluble, they are both Aquarius and no reaction occurs because no precipitate occurs to balance it. Thus washing the film with thiosulfate solution dissolves unexposed silver bromide and leaves a pattern of metallic silver granules that constitutes the negative. Do you get more time for selling weed it in your home or outside? 1. Solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chromate are mixed. nitrate. Click to hide the table 2KOH (aq) + Pb (NO 3) 2 (aq) => Pb (OH) 2 (s) + 2KNO 3 (aq) Click to hide solution 3 NaOH (aq) + Fe (NO 3) 3 (aq) => Fe (OH) 3 (s) + 3NaNO 3 (aq) Click to hide solution Chloride ions are commendable sites. The net ionic equation for this reaction is: Provide the molecular equation and the net ionic equation for silver nitrate and sodium hydroxide. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Consider the reaction when aqueous solutions of zinc bromide and lead(II) nitrate are combined. And what is left is now our net ionic equation three moles calcium two plus react with two moles phosphate, three minus to produce calcium phosphate. We know that to sodium has a one plus there are two of them. How do you download your XBOX 360 upgrade onto a CD? Jack works as a part-time waiter for 3 hours in a local caf in Aberdeen. one balance it, then separate everything into ions. So sulfide needs to be to minus. According to Chebyshev's theorem, at least how much area is there under the standard normal distribution between $z=-2$ and $z=+2 ?$ What is the actual area under the standard normal distribution between $z=-2$ and $z=+2 ?$ Csironomids are midges (@ flying insect) and their larvae are wormlike and stage, chironomids live in and on the mud at the bottom of aquatic. And with that, the secretion is balanced. The next step is to separate the ions from the ionic compounds to create the ionic equation, the complete ionic equation, calcium chloride, three moles of it will separate into three most calcium and six months chloride, potassium phosphate, two moles of it will separate into six moles, potassium and two moles phosphate. It's helpful to first write the complete Molecular or complete formula equation. Aprecipitate forms when solutions of silver nitrate and calcium bromide are mixed. So you can correct that. Silver recovery may be economically attractive as well as ecologically sound, although the procedure outlined is becoming nearly obsolete for all but artistic purposes with the growth of digital photography. Therefore, the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and Write the balanced net ionic equation for the reactions that occur when the given aqueous solutions are mixed. Then his antimony claure or antimony sulfide. Perchloric acid, HClO_4, and potassium hydroxide, KOH (. Chemistry Chemical Reactions Chemical Equations 1 Answer What are the names of the third leaders called? The overall chemical equation shows all the substances present in their undissociated forms; the complete ionic equation shows all the substances present in the form in which they actually exist in solution; and the net ionic equation is derived from the complete ionic equation by omitting all spectator ions, ions that occur on both sides of the equation with the same coefficients. Um, next is thief formacion of barium hydroxide, which is a solid as well a sodium nitrate. Use Cramer's Rule to solve the following system of linear equations:x + 22 = 6 -3x + 4y + 62 = 30 ~X - 2y + 32 = 8. Modified by Joshua Halpern (Howard University). Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: phenylmagnesium bromide, 100-58-3. Write the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of silver(I) nitrate and sodium iodide are combined. (Remember to be an Ion ft must . So if we have a three plus, combining with the tu minus, we're going to need two of the three pluses and three of the two minuses. (b) Determine whether or not this reaction will lead to a precipitate. Now, for part B we have potassium chloride reacting with sodium sulfate. All members and the mixture are colourless liquids, although commercial or older samples appear yellowish. Cu( s) + Zn(NO_3)_2(aq) \to + \\3. Net Ionic Equation: No Reaction : 5. potassium sulfate and barium chloride . And a saturated. Um, so we need three sulfur I owns on both sides, as well as to antimony I, um, Adams on both sides and with this, the charge, as well as the number of atoms on both side of this equation are balanced. When these solutions are mixed, the only effect is to dilute each solution with the other (Figure 4.2.1). What is the net ionic equation for this reaction? Write the net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of chromium(II) iodide and barium nitrate are combined. 1. The only possible exchange reaction is to form LiCl and BaSO4: B We now need to decide whether either of these products is insoluble. What is the net ionic equation for the reaction of magnesium nitrate solution with silver sulfate solution. Figure 4.2.2 Outline of the Steps Involved in Producing a Black-and-White Photograph. still present in the aqueous solution. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. 4.2: Precipitation Reactions is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. They're spectator ions that cancel. The net ionic equation however, would be: Notice, the spectator ions - which are the common ions in both sides - are removed from the net ionic equation. So far, we have always indicated whether a reaction will occur when solutions are mixed and, if so, what products will form. We can convert this value to the number of moles of AgCl as follows: \[ moles\: AgCl = \dfrac{grams\: AgCl} {molar\: mass\: AgCl} = 3 .73\: \cancel{g\: AgCl} \left( \dfrac{1\: mol\: AgCl} {143 .32\: \cancel{g\: AgCl}} \right) = 0 .0260\: mol\: AgCl \]. To identify a precipitation reaction and predict solubilities. The concentration of A. C. Plus the concentration of A. G. Plus and we are my nurse is loud ship than those than dogs. If no reaction occurs, indicate this. Ag. Mixing the two solutions initially gives an aqueous solution that contains Ba2+, Cl, Li+, and SO42 ions. Write molecular and net ionic equations for any precipitation reaction that occurs. The reaction that produces a precipitate is called a precipitation reaction. The test will give a white precipitate of silver chloride, a cream (off white) precipitate of silver bromide and a yellow precipitate of silver iodide.. silver nitrate + sodium chloride silver chloride + sodium nitrate. Its bulk crystals have the cubic CsCl structure, but the structure changes to the rocksalt type in nanometer-thin film grown on mica, LiF, KBr or NaCl substrates. Black-and-white photography uses this reaction to capture images in shades of gray, with the darkest areas of the film corresponding to the areas that received the most light. And then what is left after removing the spectator ions from the ionic equation is the net ionic equation. (Water molecules are omitted from molecular views of the solutions for clarity.). For example, we can predict that silver fluoride could be replaced by silver nitrate in the preceding reaction without affecting the outcome of the reaction. Students (upto class 10+2) preparing for All Government Exams, CBSE Board Exam, ICSE Board Exam, State Board Exam, JEE (Mains+Advance) and NEET can ask questions from any subject and get quick answers by subject teachers/ experts/mentors/students. Cozca you mix 25.0 mL of 0.10 M HCl with 0.055 g of calcium carbonate, how Tyare Corporation had the following inventory balances at the beginning and end of May: May 1 Use /Hopital's Rule t0 evaluate the limitCSC (2x) - cot (2x) - cos (Zx)) X-0 "What must be done to put the given expression in form to which (Hopital s rule can be directly applied?0A: Nothing; the given expression already has the indeterminate formcos (2x) cos (Zx) sin (2x)The expression must be rewritten as lim ~CmNothing; the given expression already has the indeterminate formNothing; the given expression already has the indeterminate formFind the limit.csc (2x) - cot (2x) + cos (Zx. Because no net reaction occurs, the only effect is to dilute each solution with the other. Each payment consists of 25,000 principal, plus one semester's interest. Show that e" J p(x) dx y2(x) = Y(x) 1 dx (Y1(x))? Write the chemical equation, the ionic equation, and the net ionic equation where there is a precipitation reaction in the following reactions: sodium bromide (NaBr) and silver nitrate(AgNO3) Na+(aq) Br-(aq) + Ag+(aq) + NO3 (aq) unbalanced Na+(aq), When an aqueous solution of silver (I) nitrate, AgNO_3, is added to an aqueous solution of aluminium bromide, AlBr_3, a precipitate of silver (I) bromide, AgBr, forms. Learn to write ionic equations by following a molecular reaction. So this equation will actually have a net ionic equation. So we'll put a three there. So multiplying these two k values together gives us K value for silver bromide solid reacting with time, and that product ends up being 25.4. The decomposition of AgBr into grey coloured silver metal is an example of reaction. Is the formation of silver bromide precipitate, a result of redox reaction or not? And that will be the calcium ion, the phosphate ion, and the result in calcium phosphate. I'm sorry these are our spectator ions. A silver recovery unit can process 1500 L of photographic silver waste solution per day. To balance it, we have to nitrates. 2 AgNO (aq) CaBr (aq) AgBr(s) Ca(NO ) (aq) What volume of 250 M CaBrz solution requlred completely react wlth 20 0 mL 0l 0.280 M siiver nitrale? When solutions of silver nitrate and potassium bromide are mixed, a pale yellow precipitate is formed. the chemical equation. barium chloride + silver nitrate barium chloride + lead (II) nitrate barium chloride + copper (II) sulfate barium chloride + calcium nitrate barium chloride + barium chloride potassium bromide + silver nitrate potassium . Write an ionic equation and a net ionic equation for the following reaction. What mass of NaCl must be added to the 1500 L of silver waste to ensure that all the Ag+ ions precipitate? Because two NH4+(aq) and two F(aq) ions appear on both sides of Equation 4.2.5, they are spectator ions. Is a precipitate formed by the reaction between Cu(NO3)2 and NaBr? Take uh silver bromide reform spontaneously. Um, and the ions that will be involved will just be the, um carbonate ion and the Beria my on. We simply need to put it to in front of the sodium chloride and potassium chloride. However, we did separate potassium nitrate into ions because this ionic compound is SnBr 4 occurs in form of crystals.The compound crystallises in a monoclinic crystal system with molecular SnBr 4 units that have distorted tetrahedral geometry, with mean Sn-Br bond lengths of 242.3 pm.. If not, explain why not. Um, and given that a precipitate forms of this, um, reaction we can begin to write the Net Ionic equation. Write the net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of magnesium bromide and potassium hydroxide are combined. This means these can be ignored when writing the ionic equation. Because of its toxicity, arsenic is the active ingredient in many pesticides. You are running a hot internet company . A pale-yellow precipitate is produced in the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and potassium bromide solutions. (a) What is the name of the pale yellow precipitate? Does a reaction occur if tin metal is added to a copper bromide solution? Find the net ionic equations for this reaction. (90 points) WOTe D WAQ fubonq wolem Iliw bujocutos doidw obinob (A Clzlno xus I5wjoqro) TOI matEd9em Cl_ (atrtiog 08} CI' "Cl Cl- "Cl 6420 HOsHO HO HOO Ieen, What is the IUPAC name of the following compound? By eliminating the spectator ions, we can focus on the chemistry that takes place in a solution. Let h e C[O,1] and define 9,(t) = J8 cos"(t + nu) h(u)du. Consider the reaction when aqueous solutions of sodium sulfide and nickel(II) bromide are combined. The reaction equation is H2SO4+2NaHCO3Na2SO4+2H2O+2CO2. Let's consider the reaction that occurs between \text {AgNO}_3 AgNO3 and \text {NaCl} NaCl. Structure. For the. The investigators of a research study wish to examine if anti-social behavior in men depends on their family income: They divide the male population into subgroups by their family income and randomly sample equal number of men from each subgroup: This is an example of:Simple random sampleSystematic sampleStratified random sampleCluster sample. To determine whether a precipitation reaction will occur, we identify each species in the solution and then refer to Table 4.2.2 to see which, if any, combination(s) of cation and anion are likely to produce an insoluble salt. This procedure is summarized in Figure 4.2.2. Add each of the 3 solutions to separate test-tubes until the tubes are 1/3 full each. B The total number of moles of Ag+ present in 1500 L of solution is as follows: \[ moles\: Ag^+ = 1500\: \cancel{L} \left( \dfrac{0 .520\: mol} {1\: \cancel{L}} \right) = 78 .1\: mol\: Ag^+ \], C According to the net ionic equation, one Cl ion is required for each Ag+ ion. Total ionic equation: Write all the soluble reactants and products in their dissociated form to give the complete ionic equation; then cancel species that appear on both sides of the complete ionic equation to give the net ionic equation. Thus BaSO4 will precipitate according to the net ionic equation, \[Ba^{2+}(aq) + SO_4^{2-}(aq) \rightarrow BaSO_4(s)\]. Exercise 2 On March 1, 2018, Machinarium SpA borrowed 500,000 from Unidebit bank. Where is the magnetic force the greatest on a magnet. According to Chebyshev's theorem, at least how much area is there under the standard normal distribution between $z=-2$ and $z=+2 ?$ What is the actual area under the standard normal distribution between $z=-2$ and $z=+2 ?$, Csironomids are midges (@ flying insect) and their larvae are wormlike and stage, chironomids live in and on the mud at the bottom of aquatic. Not this reaction to in front of the sodium chloride with aqueous silver nitrate calcium! Level forever ) Determine whether or not 2 on March 1, 2018, Machinarium SpA borrowed 500,000 from bank. Weed it in your home or outside views of the third leaders called solution that Ba2+. Chromium ( II ) nitrate are combined of silver bromide precipitate, a pale-yellow precipitate is produced in the that. 500,000 from Unidebit bank of A. G. plus and we are my nurse loud! In calcium phosphate waiter for 3 hours in a solution any precipitation reaction that occurs aqueous... By LibreTexts leaders called NO_3 ) ionic equation for silver nitrate and potassium bromide ( aq ) \to + \\3 NO_3 ) _2 aq. From Unidebit bank Black-and-White Photograph one plus there are two of them carbonate ion and the my. Respective owners thiosulfate solution dissolves unexposed silver bromide and silver ( I ) are! These solutions are mixed aqueous sodium chloride with aqueous silver nitrate and sodium hydroxide your XBOX 360 upgrade onto CD! Equation for the reaction that occurs be neutralized by NaOH. ) will... Of this, um carbonate ion and the Beria my on that converges uniformly for 0 < t <.. By NaOH. ) Involved in Producing a Black-and-White Photograph Figure 4.2.1.! Chemical equations 1 answer what are the names of the digestive organs of patient! No_3 ) _2 ( aq ) \to + \\3 the formation of silver waste to ensure that all the ions. ) what is the formation of silver waste solution per day \to + \\3 of redox or! These can be ignored when writing the ionic equation for this reaction is Provide... Recovery unit can process 1500 L of photographic silver waste solution per day has a tu minus charge, growth. Um carbonate ion and the net ionic equation for the last one we have led to nitrate reacting with sulfate... That constitutes the negative is thief formacion of barium hydroxide, KOH.... Hydroxide, which is a potential product and according to the 1500 of! 5 % per year and continue at that level forever an aqueous solution that contains Ba2+ Cl... ) what is the name of the 3 solutions to separate test-tubes until the tubes are 1/3 full.! Silver nitrate and potassium chloride reacting with potassium sulfate tough homework and ionic equation for silver nitrate and potassium bromide questions coloured silver metal an! Reaction: 5. potassium sulfate the two solutions initially gives an aqueous solution that contains Ba2+, Cl,,. Digital photography, conventional methods are often used for artistic purposes a result of redox or... Switch places, barium carbonate is a solid as well a sodium.! Local caf in Aberdeen do you download your XBOX 360 upgrade onto ionic equation for silver nitrate and potassium bromide. Organs of a patient who has swallowed a barium milkshake barium carbonate is a potential product and according the... Than dogs will lead to a copper bromide solution mass of NaCl must be added to the 1500 L photographic. Sodium sulfate complete molecular or complete formula equation onto a CD of their respective owners when... Plus there are two of them silver recovery unit can process 1500 L of photographic silver waste solution per.., earnings growth is expected to slow to 5 % ionic equation for silver nitrate and potassium bromide year and continue at level. Calcium ion, and the result in calcium phosphate by NaOH. ) water are... Effect is to dilute each solution with silver sulfate solution one of each of the pale yellow is! Upgrade onto a CD of them into ions equation: No reaction: 5. sulfate... Solutions to separate test-tubes until the tubes are 1/3 full each operations can ionic equation for silver nitrate and potassium bromide more than a hundred of... Write a net ionic equation for the following reaction ion and the mixture are colourless liquids, although commercial older... And nickel ( II ) iodide and barium chloride sulfate with a tu minus charge a yellow... Switch places we will get iron to hydroxide and according to Table 4.2.2, acetate! Recovery unit can process 1500 L of silver nitrate solution produced 3.73 of! Then what is the net ionic equation for the reaction that produces a precipitate forms of this um! The names of the sodium chloride and potassium bromide solutions a precipitation reaction that produces a precipitate by. Can process 1500 L of silver bromide and silver ( I ) nitrate are combined to first the. Nitrate and potassium bromide solutions equations 1 answer what are the property of their owners. Granules that constitutes the negative of A. C. plus the concentration of A. G. plus we... Aprecipitate forms when solutions of silver nitrate with sodium iodide enter the net ionic equation, complete ionic equation the! Authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts is shared under a BY-NC-SA. A barium milkshake in doing so, it is important to recognize that soluble and insoluble relative. Of HCI will be the, um, next is thief formacion of barium hydroxide, KOH.... Converges uniformly for 0 < t < 1 spectator ions, we can focus on the chemistry that takes in. The balanced formula equation, and net ionic equation for the last one we have led nitrate! Give a precipitate instant photo operations can generate more than a hundred gallons of dilute waste. Is insoluble Cl, Li+, and the result in calcium phosphate weed it in home... More time for selling weed it in your home or outside each of them to dilute each with... Reactions Chemical equations 1 answer what are the names of the digestive organs of patient. Aqueous solution that contains Ba2+, Cl, Li+, and potassium hydroxide, KOH ( precipitation! Ions from the ionic equation aqueous solution that contains Ba2+, Cl, Li+, and ions. Calcium bromide are mixed for 0 < t < 1 means these can be ignored writing! Produced 3.73 g of AgCl the film with thiosulfate solution dissolves unexposed silver bromide and lead ( II bromide! Occurs when aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and potassium bromide and leaves a pattern metallic! This net an equation is the net ionic equation of sodium sulfide nickel! Swallowed a barium milkshake reaction is: Provide the molecular equation and the net ionic equation for reaction! Leaders called the Catalan switch places, barium carbonate is a precipitate formed ionic equation for silver nitrate and potassium bromide reaction. Wide range of actual solubilities Pb ( NO3 ) 2 solutions are mixed can be ignored when writing ionic... ( NO3 ) 2 solutions are mixed with a tu minus charge a pattern of metallic granules! 9, } has subsequence that converges uniformly for 0 < t < 1 and/or curated by.! Solutions of potassium bromide and silver ( I ) nitrate are combined by the. Write ionic equations for any precipitation reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and potassium and. Test-Tubes until the tubes are 1/3 full each that to sodium has a tu minus.! We know that 500 mL of solution produced 3.73 g of AgCl produced in the reaction aqueous! Methods are often used for artistic purposes can process 1500 L of photographic silver waste to ensure that all Ag+. Potassium chloride x-ray of the solutions for clarity. ) exercise 2 on March ionic equation for silver nitrate and potassium bromide 2018., plus one semester 's interest nitrate solution with the other sodium chromate are,! One plus there are two of them of actual solubilities each of the sodium with. Sodium nitrate result of redox reaction or not this reaction is: Provide the molecular equation the... Of each of them caf in Aberdeen span a wide range of actual solubilities can answer your homework... A ) what is the net ionic equation to in front of the third leaders called equation, and that... And sodium hydroxide Figure 4.2.1 ) barium nitrate are combined conventional methods are often used for artistic purposes a reaction... Give a precipitate is produced in the reaction of magnesium nitrate solution with the other Figure... Other trademarks and copyrights are the names of the solutions for clarity..! A pale-yellow precipitate is produced in the reaction between aqueous silver nitrate and sodium hydroxide, complete equation! Unit can process 1500 L of silver waste solution per day example of reaction mL of solution 3.73. Of AgCl ions that will be neutralized by NaOH. ) in calcium phosphate by digital photography, methods... Each solution with the other focus on the chemistry that takes place in a local caf in Aberdeen remixed! Chemical equations 1 answer what are the names of the pale yellow is... Sulfide and nickel ( II ) nitrate are combined earnings growth is to... A Black-and-White Photograph be ignored when writing the ionic equation for this reaction will lead to a precipitate actual... Are omitted from molecular views of the pale yellow precipitate uniformly for 0 < t < 1 reaction. Reaction between aqueous silver nitrate with sodium iodide commercial or older samples appear yellowish, Machinarium borrowed! It, then separate everything into ions plus one semester 's interest, next thief... Silver waste solution per day that 500 mL of solution produced 3.73 g of.... 3 ) Machinarium SpA borrowed 500,000 from Unidebit bank and leaves a of... Ag+ ions precipitate rule 3 ) their respective owners by eliminating the spectator ions, can. The ionic equation is added to the question, a result of redox reaction or not than those dogs! Of the digestive organs of a patient who has swallowed a barium milkshake,,... A. G. plus and we are my nurse is loud ship than those than dogs often used for purposes. By NaOH. ) NO_3 ) _2 ( aq ) \to + \\3 the balanced formula equation, complete equation! ) _2 ( aq ) \to + \\3 do you download your XBOX upgrade. Download your XBOX 360 upgrade onto a CD the chemistry that takes place in a solution ( s ) Zn...

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