However, during the early 1940s archeologists uncovered a civilization known as the Olmecs of 1200 BC, which pre-dated any other advanced civilization in the Americas. Viracocha was described in legends as a tall man with long beard, pale skin and using a rod that emitted thunders and lightnings; Quetzalcoatl was the Feathered serpent, tall and mastering of the secret of arts and time. In the last twenty or thirty years several discoveries have rewritten the " possibility' of Atlantis and called into question the archaeological lock-out of the topic of submerged and lost/hidden lands. Mississippian Moundbuilders and the Red Stick Creek Resistance to Settler Colonialism, With Examples of Black Indigenous Sovereignty. Mayan and African oral traditions speak of pre-Columbian expeditions across the Atlantic from east to west; Who, then, were the Africans who sailed to America in antiquity? This analysis explores the various claims made and further discusses whether or not Van Sertima and Afro-centrists have any quantifiable/verifiable evidence to support the "Black America" hypothesis. Muslims first came to North America in the 1500s as part of colonial expeditions. In September 1513, Vasco Nunez de Balboa led his men down the slopes of Quarequa, which was near Darien, now called Panama, where they saw several Black men, who were captured by native Americans. In 1311 AD, another major wave of African exploration to the New World was led by King Abubakari II, the ruler of the fourteenth century Mali Empire, which was larger than the Holy Roman Empire. He was the author of numerous scholarly articles and historical essays on the subject, including a series of five articles for the Journal of African Civilizations. 5. Examining navigation and shipbuilding; cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans; the . On the very ceremonial court and platform where four of the African-type heads were found in the holy capital of the Olmec world, La Venta. He attended Princeton University and lectured at more than 100 colleges and universities. <>>> In 1991 Dr. Van Sertima defended his highly controversial thesis on the African presence in pre-Columbian America before the Smithsonian. Such incredible nautical achievements are not as daunting as they seem, given that According to Michael Coe, the worlds foremost authority on Olmec culture, There is not the slightest doubt that all later civilizations in Mesoamerica, whether Mexican or Mayan, rest ultimately on an Olmec base.32 Van Sertima adds: The Olmec civilization was formative and seminal: it was to touch all others on this continent, directly or indirectly.33, Olmec monument from Tres Zapotes, Mexico (c. 1100 B.C. Father Fray Gregoria Garcia, a priest of the Dominican order who spent nine years in Peru during the early sixteenth century, identified an island off of Cartagena, Columbia as the place where the Spanish first found Black people in the New World. She is also W.E.B. Despite its great size, the workmanship is delicate and sure, its proportions perfect The features are bold and amazingly negroid in character.16, Another authority, Selden Rodman speaks of the colossal Negroid heads17 European journalist and Olmec specialist, Walter Hanf, describes carved colossal heads with Negroid features, deformed and close-shaven skulls, blunt noses, and protruding lips.18 Author and anthropologist Sharon McKern states that the colossal heads are inescapably Negroid.19. Everybody has to become aware of this revision of history. An examination of this artwork, wrote Van Sertima, reveals the unmistakable combination of the kinky hair, broad nose, generous lips, frequency of prognathism (projecting jaws), occasional goatee beard, and sometimes distinctly African ear pendants, hairstyles, tattoo markings, and coloration.23, Author David Imhotep cites a number of scientists and scholars who have identified prehistoric skulls and skeletons of Black people of the Austro-Negrito type, dating back to as early as 56,000 years ago, throughout the New World.24 This appears to be substantiated by more recent discoveries.25, Our focus here, however, is on the Negroid skulls and skeletons that have been discovered at ancient and medieval New World sites. Conspicuous among these shared elements are those adopted by the monarchies in both civilizations, and appear in a combination too arbitrary and unique to be independently duplicated.. Privateering, colonial expansion and the African presence in Early Anglo-Dutch Settlements 2. At the age of 18, African-American Runoko Rashidi discovered the African within him and became an advocate of Pan-Afrikanism, travelling the world documenting the ancient African diaspora in a quest now known as 'The Global African Presence'. BLACK SHOGUN AN ASSESSMENT OF THE AFRICAN PRESENCE IN Alex Stevens they way africans view africa is the correct way, just a place on the other side of the continent. There is now undisputed scientific proof that the first Americans were descended from Africans or Australian aborigines, according to evidence in a new BBC documentary. This paper analyzes one such claim made about Mesoamerica and its supposed West African, Nubian, and Egyptian roots made by Ivan Van Sertima, a former professor of an Ivy League university. . Chapter 3 67Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System issue of immigration, and Mexicans in particular are constructed as an illegal Early American Scans NetSuite The greatest threat towards Africa having a glorious future is her peoples ignorance of Africas glorious past. BLACK AFRICA AND AMERICA BEFORE COLUMBUS Van Sertima explores and gives all the evidence he can find about three contact periods. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Sertima, who published his book They Came before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America in I976.7. 1-2) Ivan Van Sertima. Three early popes were African. <> African Presence in Early Europe (1985) places into perspective the role of the African in world civilization, in particular the little-known contributions to the advancement of Europe with a . or Were the ancient Turks, Akkads (Sumerians) and Dravidians (Tamils) the parents of Mexico and Meso-America, Magicians of the Gods by Graham Hancock (2015), Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs, ANCIENT INDIAN RELIGION CHAPTER 4 PART 4 ANCIENT INDIA APN, The Dragon and the Serpent: Quetzalcoatl, the Lng of China and the Serpent of Wisdom, Extended-Plasma-Electromagnetic Cosmology (EPEMC, Afrocentric World Black Greeks Ancient Libyco-Berber Writing More Information on the Afrocentric World, Olmec (Mande) Loan Words in the Mayan, Mixe-Zoque and Taino Languages. Professor Everett Borders notes another very important indication of African presence, which is the nature of early American pyramids. Sadly, America, in post-Columbus times, was founded on the genocide of the indigenous Americans, built on the backs of African slaves and continues to run on the exploitation of workers at home and abroad. Dr. Runoko Rashidi, They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient 1. They appear to represent priest-kings who ruled vast territories in Mesoamerica [Mexico and Central America] during the Olmec period, which is to be considered later herein. Be the first one to, New Brunswick, U.S.A. : Transaction Publishers, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, America -- Discovery and exploration -- African, urn:lcp:africanpresencei0000unse:lcpdf:e9d7ac7a-7f27-448d-a914-e93f9767cdf9, urn:lcp:africanpresencei0000unse:epub:33e1058d-23e5-49ab-9e20-50b036e1ca76, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Marquez, adds that [s]everal isolated but concordant facts permit the conjecture that before the formation and development of the three great ethnographic groupsa great part of Amcerica was occupied by [the] Negroid type.12. African Americans History & Culture Britannica.com Armah . Despite its great size, the workmanship is delicate and sure, its proportions perfect The features are bold and, Another authority, Selden Rodman speaks of the colossal Negroid heads. To begin with, and as a significant example, a Feb. 15, 1986, report carried by the, chronicled that: "The oldest Stone Age hut in Japan has been unearthed near Osaka. African Presence in Early America. It seems that rather than barriers, the Pacific and Atlantic have acted as liquid highways since at least the appearance of the Olmec around 15 BCE. The Olmec civilization, which was of African origin and dominated by Africans, was the first significant civilization in Mesoamerica and the Mother Culture of Mexico. Divining America The Foreign Missionary Movement in 19th . In schools up and down the country, little children are taught that a heroic Italian explorer discovered America, and various events and parades are held to celebrate the occasion. 3 examine factors that can contribute to early resilience. Pp. Jairazbhoy believes that the earliest settlers were ancient Egyptians led by King Ramesis III, during the nineteenth dynasty.44 Van Sertima contends that a small but significant number of men and a few women, in a fleet protected by a military force, moved west down the Mediterranean toward North Africa in the period 948-680 B.Cand got caught in the pull of one of the westward currents off the North African coast, either through storm or navigational error, and were carried across the Atlantic to the New World. In Egyptian mythology the human headed bird, Ba, flies out of the tomb. African explorers crossing the vast Atlantic waters in primitive boats may seem unlikely, or perhaps, far fetched to some. He is the author or editor of eighteen books, the most recent of which . endobj ed. In truth, Africans began coming to the Americas thousands of years before Columbus; and the evidence of their presence, though systematically ignored by mainstream scholars, is overwhelming and undeniable. For best results, configure your browser to use the Adobe PDF plug-in to open online PDF files. The contributors include Frederick Douglass (1866), Booker T. Washington, (1896, 1899) and W.E.B. It insists on the leading role it played in some periods and it tries to find out in what periods there existed contact between Black Africa and the Americas. villages, no pyramid appears until much later.40, While we could continue to cite infinite similarities between ancient African and New World cultures in various fields including linguistics and botany, let us turn instead to consider the likely origin of the Africans who appear to have reached and profoundly influenced American culture thousands of years before Columbus. The best known artifacts are the giant stone heads, which phenotypically resemble modern day Africans. This volume presents what is presently known about the links between Africa and America before the age of Columbus. Van Sertima, Egypto-Nubian Presences in Ancient Mexico, p.70. endobj African Presence in Early America Ivan Van Sertima 4.60 58 ratings1 review This volume presents what is presently known about the links between Africa and America before the age of Columbus. He furthermore cites a document of Francisco Nunez Vega (1691), who describes an ancient calendar found in Chiapas that mentions seven negritos representing the seven planets.9. 5 0 obj This is no longer possible. The growing body of evidence is now becoming simply too loud to ignore. MAA MAAT CENTRE. There is not the slightest doubt that all later civilizations in [Mexico and Central America], rest ultimately on an Olmec base, once remarked Michael Coe, a leading historian on Mexico. In addition to Mexican scholars, a number of others have described the colossal stone heads in terms similar to those of Melgar. In Egyptian mythology the human headed bird, Ba, flies out of the tomb. To order the pamphlet, visit heydaybooks.com. on the Internet. FINAL CALL DEPOPULATION SECTION NOVEMBER 8, 2022, FINAL CALL DEPOPULATION SECTION NOVEMBER 15, 2022, FINAL CALL DEPOPULATION SECTION NOVEMBER 22, 2022, http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/3774/did-australian-aborigines-reach-america-first, Listen to Dr. Leonard Barrett speak on the Jewish role in the slave trade. <> He edited the Journal of African Civilizations, which has greatly changed the way . Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Van Sertima accomplishes this through chapters relying heavily on dramatic storytelling. stream In describing the Olmec head, Melgar wrote that what astonished me was the Ethiopic [Black African] type which it represents. Jairazbhoy believes that the earliest settlers were ancient Egyptians led by King Ramesis III, during the nineteenth dynasty. endobj Report [ZIP - 21 MB] The Archaeology of 290 Broadway [PDF - 22 MB] Black Jews of Africa History Religion Identity Oxford It asserted the historical participation of Black Africa as far back as the birth of the Egyptian civilization. I have never claimed, writes Van Sertima, that Africans created or founded the Olmec civilizationThey left a significant influence upon itand that is more than can be said of any other Old World group visiting the native American or emigrating to the continent before Columbus.34, A study of the Olmec civilization reveals elements that are remarkably similar to the ritual traits and techniques in the Egypto-Nubian world of the same period. As in Darien, these Africans were also captives of war among the native Americans.6 Also during the sixteenth century after the advent of Columbus, but before the universal enslavement of Africans Cabello de Balboa cited a group of seventeen Black people who, after being shipwrecked in Ecuador, became governors of an entire province of native Americans.7. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 6 0 obj Runoko Rashidi is an anthropologist and historian with a major focus on what he calls the Global African Presence-that is, Africans outside of Africa before and after enslavement. 128 views, 4 likes, 4 loves, 54 comments, 6 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Williams Chapel Church: Williams Chapel Church was live. Rashidi is an authority on the African presence in Asia, especially in the Phillipines and in India. Vast Atlantic waters in primitive boats may african presence in early america pdf unlikely, or perhaps, far fetched to some day.... 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