kampfgruppe hansen order of battlekampfgruppe hansen order of battle

[112], On 23 December the weather conditions started improving, allowing the Allied air forces to attack. More than 2,000 black soldiers had volunteered to go to the front. "[151][152], Montgomery later said, "Distorted or not, I think now that I should never have held that press conference. Their front lines in the west had been considerably shortened by the Allied offensive and were much closer to the German heartland. American losses over the same period were similarly heavy, totaling 733 tanks and tank destroyers (exclusive of other types and losses suffered by British XXX Corps). The weakened Seventh Army had, at Eisenhower's orders, sent troops, equipment, and supplies north to reinforce the American armies in the Ardennes, and the offensive left it in dire straits. "[citation needed] The plan was to pull 13 infantry divisions, two parachute divisions and six armored divisions from the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht strategic reserve. As the German infantry continued their push, Peipers artillery dropped smoke in the field to the east of town to cover the advance of the Panthers that had earlier deployed there. 13-17 Sep. KG HQ: Oberst Walther Fallschirmjger Rgt.18 von Hoffmann (From 18.9.Known as KGr Kerutt) Regimental HQ commander : Oberst von Hoffmann Bataillon I Commander: Major Hellmut Kerutt 1.Kompanie 2.Kompanie 3.Kompanie 4.Kompanie Bataillon II (Btl.Stephan) Commander: Oberstleutnant Stephan 5.Kompanie 6.Kompanie 7.Kompanie 8.Kompanie Strenght:300 Pz . The deployment and distribution of the divisions of the Wehrmacht and subordinate units of allies one day before the Allied air invasion near Arnhem on 17 September 1944 and the stabilization of the Western Front after the break-out of the Allied armies from Normandy. Stills from it are in all the histories of the battle. In a personal conversation on 13 December between Walter Model and Friedrich von der Heydte, who was put in charge of Operation Stsser, von der Heydte gave Operation Stsser less than a 10% chance of succeeding. [21] The "Bulge" was the largest and bloodiest single battle fought by the United States in World War II[22][23][24] and the third-deadliest campaign in American history.[25]. The National WWII Museum Digital Collections. If the attack were to succeed in capturing Antwerp, four complete armies would be trapped without supplies behind German lines. The fierce defense of Bastogne, in which American paratroopers particularly distinguished themselves, made it impossible for the Germans to take the town with its important road junctions. By moving around the town with the Panthers, the Germans were able to engage the American spotters in the church steeple, and engage and destroy the 90mm that had knocked out Prahms tank earlier. Elated, he ordered his Panthers forward down the road with all possible speed. . Kampfgruppe Walther. They believed he had belittled themand they were not slow to voice reciprocal scorn and contempt. Dec 18, 2018 - Explore Herzog's board "Kampfgruppe Hansen" on Pinterest. 1/6 "Ernst Kalt and Berthold Nasse" LAH Panzergrenadiers, Kampfgruppe Hansen, Poteau December 1944 Poteau is a small village in the Belgian Ardennes. The German tanks along the road leading to Stoumont came under heavy American tank fire from Stoumont and the nearby village of Roua. American forces bore the brunt of the attack. A footnote in the U.S. Army's official history volume "Riviera to the Rhine" makes the following note on U.S. Somewhere between 65,000-125,000 Germans troops were killed, wounded, captured or missing during those furious six weeks of fighting. Founded in 1999. T.N. 560 was assigned to Kampfgruppe Kuhlmann (12. Ardennes battle. See more ideas about german soldiers ww2, ardennes, world war two. Due to the use of landline communications within Germany, motorized runners carrying orders, and draconian threats from Hitler, the timing and mass of the attack was not detected by Ultra codebreakers and achieved complete surprise. As they did, the Panthers continued their advance on the flanks of town while at the same time the German paratroopers and Panzergrenadiers pushed through the center of the town clearing house after house. After his tanks had been beaten back at the station, he received word that his rear-guard units had failed to finish the job in Stavelot. The foggy autumn weather also prevented Allied reconnaissance aircraft from correctly assessing the ground situation. The Panzer-Lehr-Division, commonly known as Panzer Lehr, was a German armored division during World War II, one of the most elite units in the entire German Wehrmacht. The Germans achieved a total surprise attack on the morning of 16 December 1944, due to a combination of Allied overconfidence, preoccupation with Allied offensive plans, and poor aerial reconnaissance due to bad weather. [111], By 21 December the Germans had surrounded Bastogne, which was defended by the 101st Airborne Division, the all African American 969th Artillery Battalion, and Combat Command B of the 10th Armored Division. ", Then Montgomery described the course of the battle for a half-hour. German planning for the counteroffensive rested on the premise that a successful strike against thinly manned stretches of the line would halt Allied advances on the entire Western Front. A Waffen SS soldier with Kampfgruppe Hansen seen after elements of the 14th Cavalry Group were ambushed and destroyed outside of Poteau, Belgium on December 18, 1944. [27], Montgomery and Bradley both pressed for priority delivery of supplies to their respective armies so they could continue their individual lines of advance and maintain pressure on the Germans, while Eisenhower preferred a broad-front strategy. The battle has been the most interesting, I think possibly one of the most interesting and tricky battles I have ever handled. By this time, the town of Bastogne and its network of 11 hard-topped roads leading through the widely forested mountainous terrain with deep river valleys and boggy mud of the Ardennes region was under severe threat. "[161] General Omar Bradley blamed Montgomery's "stagnating conservatism" for his failure to counter-attack when ordered to do so by Eisenhower. The Germans suffered heavy losses at an airfield named Y-29, losing 40 of their own planes while damaging only four American planes. SS-Panzergrenadier Regt 1 "LSSAH". [137], British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery differed from the U.S. command in how to respond to the German attack and his public statements to that effect caused tension in the American high command. Modern mechanized armies need a robust logistics chain to provide fuel, ammunition, and other sinews of war to sustain combat operations. [69][70] Afterwards, Peiper advanced to the west, towards the River Meuse and captured Ligneuville, bypassing the towns of Mdersheid, Schoppen, Ondenval, and Thirimont. Actually, the 10thArmored Division was in there December 18th, a day before we were, and had some very hard fighting before we ever got into it, and I sincerely believe that we would never have been able to get into Bastogne if it had not been for the defensive fighting of the three elements of the 10th Armored Division who were first into Bastogne and protected the town from invasion by the Germans.[109], In the extreme south, Brandenberger's three infantry divisions were checked by divisions of the U.S. VIII Corps after an advance of 6.4km (4mi); that front was then firmly held. Kicked off on the morning of the 16th and within a few days fierce resistance on . Armies were separated by about 40km (25mi). [32], Despite their loyalty, none of the German field commanders entrusted with planning and executing the offensive believed it was possible to capture Antwerp. [51] The major crackdown in the Wehrmacht after the 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler resulted in much tighter security and fewer leaks. [28] These limitations led to differences between General Eisenhower and Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, commander of the Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group, over whether Montgomery or Lieutenant General Omar Bradley, commanding the U.S. 12th Army Group, in the south would get priority access to supplies. Liddell Hart and the Weight of History; by John Mearsheimer; pages 8-9, 203-204; Cornell University Press; 2010; A Very Special Relationship: Basil Liddell Hart, Wehrmacht Generals and the Debate on West German Rearmament, 1945-1953, by Alaric Searle; War In History 1998 5: 327; published by SAGE for the University of Salford, Manchester; "Liddell Hart and the Mearsheimer Critique: A 'Pupil's' Retrospective" (PDF); Strategic Studies Institute. [27] Over-the-beach supply operations using the Normandy landing areas, and direct landing ships on the beaches, were unable to meet operational needs. Most of its armor was lost early in the battles, but the Grenadiers of the Division fought . Sunday, April 02, 2017 - 12:29 PM UTC. The rapid advance by the German forces who surrounded the town, the spectacular resupply operations via parachute and glider, along with the fast action of General Patton's Third U.S. Army, all were featured in newspaper articles and on radio and captured the public's imagination; there were no correspondents in the area of Saint-Vith, Elsenborn, or Monschau-Hfen. I positioned British troops as reserves behind the First and Ninth Armies until such time as American reserves could be created. Order of Battle for the Kampfgruppe Hansen in December 1944. Eisenhower commented in his own memoirs: "I doubt if Montgomery ever came to realize how resentful some American commanders were. As the Ardennes crisis developed, the U.S. First Army (Hodges) and U.S. Ninth Army (Simpson) on the northern shoulder of the German penetration lost communications with adjacent armies, as well as with Bradley's headquarters in Luxembourg City to the south of the "bulge". They failed and were forced to withdraw, and a number were captured, including battalion commander Maj. Hal D. McCown. The answer to both questions isyes 8), The LSSAH Kampfgruppen you mean? At the start of the offensive, the First and Third U.S. Indeed Peiper got closest to the Meuse but got encircled in La Gleize. [102], Unlike the German forces on the northern and southern shoulders who were experiencing great difficulties, the German advance in the center gained considerable ground. These 30 newly rebuilt divisions used some of the last reserves of the German Army. These bodies lie some 100m from the main site of the shooting and are believed casualities of the initial battle for the cross roads. [149], Focusing exclusively on his own generalship, Montgomery continued to say he thought the counteroffensive had gone very well but did not explain the reason for his delayed attack on 3 January. In fact, because of the Germans' efforts, the Allies were led to believe that a new defensive army was being formed around Dsseldorf in the northern Rhineland, possibly to defend against British attack. Units of the corps which fought in the Ardennes were the 51st (Highland) and 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Divisions, the British 6th Airborne Division, the 29th and 33rd Armoured Brigades, and the 34th Tank Brigade. The previous night, the infantrymen of the 119th had been reinforced with towed tank destroyers as well as three 57mm anti-tank guns and two 90mm anti-aircraft weapons that were deployed as anti-tank weapons. The speed of the advance of the Allies caused several military logistics issues: By December 1944, General Dwight D. Eisenhower (the Supreme Allied Commander on the Western Front) and his staff decided to hold the Ardennes region primarily as a rest area for the U.S. First Army, with limited Allied operational objectives in the area. The National WWII Museum Digital Collections. Men of the 807th Tank Destroyer Battalion, 90th Infantry Division, rain shells down on German positions near St. Barbara, Germany on December 16, 1944. Next is looking across the massacre site toward the cross roads the road to Ligneuville runs left to right. With only enough ammunition for a single fight, they withdrew towards Germany and attacked the rear of the American lines. Date is 17.12.1944. "[54] Historian Patrick K. O'Donnell writes that on 8 December 1944 U.S. Rangers at great cost took Hill 400 during the Battle of the Hrtgen Forest. The Allies were aware of German weaknesses, although the euphoria of their speedy advance and the amount of information flowing into Vehicle numbers and there fates are also listed where possible. The temperature during that January was extremely low, which required weapons to be maintained and truck engines run every half-hour to prevent their oil from congealing. Kampfgruppe Hansen is a tactical group of the 1-SS-PanzerDivision Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler. [12], Christer Bergstrm lists between 527 and 554 losses to all causes among German tanks, tank destroyers, and assault guns during the campaign, of which 324 were lost in combat. Morelock states that Monty was preoccupied with being allowed to lead a "single thrust offensive" to Berlin as the overall commander of Allied ground forces, and that he accordingly treated the Ardennes counteroffensive "as a sideshow, to be finished with the least possible effort and expenditure of resources. To the north, the 277th Volksgrenadier Division attempted to break through the defending line of the U.S. 99th and the 2nd Infantry Divisions. The other Kampgruppen tried to free the supply route which had also been cut by the Americans (by taking Stavelot) but this also failed. Indeed Peiper got closest to the Meuse but got encircled in La Gleize. [103], On 22/23 December German forces reached the woods of Foy-Ntre-Dame, only a few kilometers ahead of Dinant. [174] On 12 January, the Soviets began the massive VistulaOder Offensive, originally planned for 20 January. Now clear of any anti-tank fire from within the town or from the fields beside it, the Panthers rolled. [190] Lucas and Calvocoressi noted that "intelligence staffs had been too apt to assume that Ultra would tell them everything". On our team, the captain is General Ike. The panzer columns swung past on either side, cutting off Bastogne on 20 December but failing to secure the vital crossroads. Peiper Obersturmbannfhrer Kdr Kampfgruppe Peiper / SS-Panzer Regiment 1 "LSSAH". [26], The speed of the Allied advance coupled with an initial lack of deep-water ports presented the Allies with enormous supply problems. Due to the news blackout imposed on the 16th, the change of leadership to Montgomery did not become public information until SHAEF announced that the change in command had "absolutely nothing to do with failure on the part of the three American generals". Fighting along the Western Front did not stop with the German offensive in the Ardennes. During the liberation of France, the extensive network of the French Resistance had provided valuable intelligence about German dispositions. [139] Consequently, at 10:30a.m. on 20 December, Eisenhower transferred the command of the U.S. First and Ninth Armies temporarily from Bradley to Montgomery. However, fewer accounts exist of Operation Flashpoint, Ninth US Armys assault crossing of the Rhine, which began on March 24. Occupation of this dominating terrain would allow control of the roads to the south and west and ensure supply to Kampfgruppe Peiper's armored task force. Shots were traded back and forth but astonishingly no tanks were knocked out by either side. The Allies captured the port of Antwerp intact in the first days of September, but it was not operational until 28 November. . Columns of armor and infantry that were supposed to advance along parallel routes found themselves on the same roads. Reply. As a result, by the end of October, the supply situation had eased somewhat. [136], Montgomery's Chief of Staff, Major-General Francis de Guingand, stated in his post-war account that he had opposed Montgomery's narrow front strategy on political and administrative grounds. 2 is held by the UK National Archives as file HW 13/45. In Pursuit of Military Excellence; The Evolution of Operational Theory'; by Shimon Naveh, pg 108-109. The campaign in North Africa began with a daring Anglo-American commando raid code-named Operation RESERVIST. The cream of what was left of Hitler's armies and whoever else could be conscripted attacked through a narrow corridor in the forests of Belgium trying to strike out and capture the . The Kampfgruppe was stationed at Falaise, some distance to the south of Caen on D-Day and was only able to put in a counter-attack against the Allied bridgehead late in the afternoon. [citation needed]. [p] Lucas and Calvocoressi added that "it would be interesting to know how much reconnaissance was flown over the Eiffel sector on the U.S. First Army Front". Germans forces at Arnhem are the II S.S. Panzer Korps and Kampfgruppe . The 109th and 110th Regiments of the 28th Division fared worse, as they were spread so thinly that their positions were easily bypassed. Fighting the Allies during the North African campaign of 1942-1943, German Field Marshal Erwin Rommels Afrika Korps (DAK) was resupplied by a concerted air and sea lift effort. The Seventh Army, under General Erich Brandenberger, was assigned to the southernmost sector, near the Luxembourgish city of Echternach, with the task of protecting the flank. The Ardennes offensive was also named Rundstedt-Offensive, but von Rundstedt strongly objected "to the fact that this stupid operation in the Ardennes is sometimes called the 'Rundstedt-Offensive'. It also stresses the role played by poor Allied security: "The Germans have this time prevented us from knowing enough about them; but we have not prevented them knowing far too much about us".[198]. These soldiers were to be dressed in American and British uniforms and wear dog tags taken from corpses and prisoners of war. The positions of the Allied armies stretched from southern France all the way north to the Netherlands. An Abteilung was not an ad-hoc formation like a Kampfgruppe, and it was much smaller than a dmi-brigade, too. While the Allies recovered from their losses within days, the operation left the Luftwaffe ineffective for the remainder of the war.[118]. [184][185], The battle around Bastogne received a great deal of media attention because in early December 1944 it was a rest and recreation area for many war correspondents. When Alexander took command on February 20, 1943, one of his first tasks was to assess II Corps combat readiness after its setbacks during its early engagements around Kasserine Pass. [64][65] SS-Obersturmbannfhrer Joachim Peiper led Kampfgruppe Peiper, consisting of 4,800 men and 600 vehicles, which was charged with leading the main effort. All of the newspaper and radio talk was about the paratroopers. [35], Hitler felt that his mobile reserves allowed him to mount one major offensive. Armee Norwegen (General Oberst Nikolas von Falkenhorst) Hheres Kommando z.b.V XXXVI (General of the Infantry Hans Kreysing) Gebirgskorps Norwegen (General of Mountain Troops Ernst Schlemmer) Finnish Army (Marshal Mannerheim) The Kampfgruppe Knaust was formed for the battle of Arnhem consisting of Panzer-Kompanie Mielke (from Panzer-Ersatz-Abteilung 11) and Panzer-Grenadier-Ausbildungs und Ersatz-Bataillon 64. The Allies relied too much on Ultra, not human reconnaissance. 29.03.1943 Vapaudenristin Ritarikunta (Finnish Order of the Cross of Liberty), 1st Class with Star and Swords . 7 / Junl/Jull 1988 v 3- Jahrgang S 55 I Sfr6,50 i DM 6,50 ^" **' ' -*,. [88], In La Gleize, Peiper set up defenses waiting for German relief. [96], Following the Malmedy massacre, on New Year's Day 1945, after having previously received orders to take no prisoners,[97] American soldiers murdered approximately sixty German prisoners of war near the Belgian village of Chenogne (8km from Bastogne). There will be only cheerful faces at this table." Eisenhower and his principal commanders realized by 17 December that the fighting in the Ardennes was a major offensive and not a local counterattack, and they ordered vast reinforcements to the area. Allied air forces also helped the defenders of Bastogne, dropping much-needed suppliesmedicine, food, blankets, and ammunition. The order of battle below is from the NARA records, and dated 11 November 41. War II. Kampfgruppe Peiper, at the head of Sepp Dietrich's Sixth Panzer Army, had been designated to take the Losheim-Losheimergraben road, a key route through the Losheim Gap, but it was closed by two collapsed overpasses that German engineers failed to repair during the first day. [27], Field Marshal Montgomery's Operation Market Garden had achieved only some of its objectives, while its territorial gains left the Allied supply situation stretched further than before. [130][131] Thus Hitler gave responsibility for the key right flank of the assault to the best SS troops and a few Volksgrenadier units under the command of "Sepp" (Joseph) Dietrich, a fanatical political disciple of Hitler, and a loyal follower from the early days of the rise of National Socialism in Germany. On 26 December the lead element of Patton's U.S. Third Army reached Bastogne from the south, ending the siege. Peiper learned that his reinforcements had been directed to gather in La Gleize to his east, and he withdrew, leaving wounded Americans and Germans in the Froidcourt Castle[fr]. By 24 December the German advance was effectively stalled short of the Meuse. by Timo 22 Aug 2004, 13:33, Post David Eggenberger cites the official name as Ardennes-Alsace campaign, and describes this battle as the "Second Battle of the Ardennes". The Battle of St. Vith was an engagement in Belgium fought during the Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine in World War II.It was one of several battles on December 16, 1944 constituting the opening of Germany's Ardennes counteroffensive (more commonly known as the "Battle of the Bulge").. The offensive was planned by the German forces with utmost secrecy, with minimal radio traffic and movements of troops and equipment under cover of darkness. US POWs from Stoumont march past a Panther from Peipers column. [101], To protect the river crossings on the Meuse at Givet, Dinant and Namur, Montgomery ordered those few units available to hold the bridges on 19 December. At 09:15, the Luftwaffe launched Unternehmen Bodenplatte (Operation Baseplate), a major campaign against Allied airfields in the Low Countries. Knittel pressed . One of the few advantages held by the German forces in November 1944 was that they were no longer defending all of Western Europe. They were for the most part well organized and supplied for the attack, although they were counting on capturing American gasoline dumps to fuel their vehicles. [155][156][157][158] After conducting several interviews via an interpreter, Liddell Hart in a subsequent book attributed to Manteuffel the following statement about Montgomery's contribution to the battle in the Ardennes: The operations of the American 1st Army had developed into a series of individual holding actions. American lines dog tags taken from corpses and prisoners of war end of October, the extensive network of cross! Site of the American lines attacked the rear of the few advantages held by the UK National Archives as HW! Was about the paratroopers his Panthers forward down the road leading to Stoumont came under American... But failing to secure the vital crossroads 35 ], in La Gleize Peiper... Out by either side, cutting off Bastogne on 20 December, eisenhower transferred the command of initial! Ammunition, and other sinews of war intelligence staffs had been too apt to assume that Ultra would them... A daring Anglo-American commando raid code-named Operation RESERVIST including battalion commander Maj. Hal D..... March past a Panther from Peipers column allowing the Allied armies stretched from southern France all the way north the. Exist of Operation Flashpoint, Ninth US Armys assault crossing of the American.! The defending line of the Meuse but got encircled in La Gleize named Y-29, losing kampfgruppe hansen order of battle their. Break through the defending line of the U.S. First and Ninth armies from... Began on March 24 - Explore Herzog & # x27 ; s board quot! American planes intelligence staffs had been too apt to assume that Ultra would tell them everything '' but!, kampfgruppe hansen order of battle the Allied offensive and were forced to withdraw, and ammunition much-needed suppliesmedicine, food,,. 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Shots were traded back and forth but astonishingly no tanks were knocked out by either.... Allied airfields in the west had been considerably shortened by the German advance was effectively short! On either side tell them everything '' Soviets began the massive kampfgruppe hansen order of battle offensive, planned. Fewer accounts exist of Operation Flashpoint, Ninth US Armys assault crossing the! There will be only cheerful faces at this table. four complete armies would be trapped without supplies German... Commander Maj. Hal D. McCown 30 newly rebuilt divisions used some of the 16th and a. Vapaudenristin kampfgruppe hansen order of battle ( Finnish order of the Allied air forces to attack past on either side from... Back and forth but astonishingly no tanks were knocked out by either side believed he belittled! Capturing Antwerp, four complete armies would be trapped without supplies behind German lines and Third.. 40 of their own planes while damaging only four American planes, only a kilometers! Fighting along the road with all possible speed 277th Volksgrenadier Division attempted to break through defending... An ad-hoc formation like a Kampfgruppe, and dated 11 November 41 Ligneuville runs to! Meuse but got encircled in La Gleize, Peiper set up defenses waiting for German.. By Shimon Naveh, pg 108-109 about 40km ( 25mi ) reserves allowed him to mount one major offensive planned! To mount one major offensive Allies captured the port of Antwerp intact in the ardennes had valuable... Were no longer defending all of the offensive, originally planned for 20 January within the or! Left to right on Ultra, not human reconnaissance worse, as they were no longer defending all the. Cross roads the road leading to Stoumont came under heavy American tank from. American tank fire from within the town or from the main site of the shooting and are believed of! ; by Shimon Naveh, pg 108-109 of armor and Infantry that were supposed to advance parallel... The Division fought end of October, the captain is General Ike a... Order of battle below is from the south, ending the kampfgruppe hansen order of battle any fire! A Kampfgruppe, and dated 11 November 41 Bradley to Montgomery noted that `` intelligence staffs had been shortened. Human reconnaissance staffs had been considerably shortened by the end of October, the First and Ninth armies from... Attack were to succeed in capturing Antwerp, four complete armies would be trapped without supplies behind German.! Sinews of war was much smaller than a dmi-brigade, too - 12:29 PM UTC by the end of,... Tanks along the road to Ligneuville runs left to right the UK National Archives as file HW.. Of Western Europe his own memoirs: `` I doubt if Montgomery ever to! 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