Ondansetron works in the stomach to block the signals to the brain that cause nausea and vomiting. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use Dulcolax only for the indication prescribed. After that last batch of water, I had my first BM. 1st 12 pills at 5pm.. spaced them out at 2 minutes apart. If I get chosen for a trial, do judges allow you to raise your hand and ask to be excused for a potty break? I read so many reviews, and was so nervous, so I thought Id write this to help someone in the future. The day before the colonoscopy: Don't eat solid foods. Remember to slowly arise from a seated position or from lying down. An hour later, I still felt fine. The increased risk was 0.03 percent for cleft palate and 0.03 percent for heart defects. Gee, I wonder why not.Joy, thanks for the laugh I was glad to see greybeard comment on the hilarity of the visual! Even after a thorough cleansing, your stomach and pancreas are still making fluids, which flow into the colon. Outside of its approved uses, Zofran is only used in emergency situations when the benefits outweigh the potential risks. This was by far the most pleasant one. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. She notes that polyps that lie flat against the colon wall are especially difficult to detect if stool or liquid coat the bowel wall. I switched to a low residue diet Friday evening, started drinking at least 8 ounces of clear liquids every hour throughout the weekend, and bought a tub of A&D ointment. I decided to use the pill form of colonoscopy prep this time thinking it would be easier then drinking the prep, big mistake. Procedure went well, and doc said perfect prep to see everything. When bisacodyl is administered orally, it is usually taken at breakfast. When a larger dose is taken on an empty stomach, the results are quicker. Dulcolax taken by mouth should produce a bowel movement within 6 to 12 hours. I drink 3 bottles of water daily so that helped. Dulcolax pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings. (2019). Took another dramamine at 10. Pills did not sit well in my stomach at all! After about an hour most of the solids were out. I have tried all different preps (including Sutab) and they have all made me violently ill! These can include: 1 Less than three bowel movements a week Dry, hard-to-pass stools Straining during a bowel movement The feeling of not emptying your bowels Abdominal cramps Swollen abdomen Those undergoing chemotherapy or other medical treatments may not recognize these symptoms as constipation. Plan times to rest during the day and conserve energy for more important activities. These include: Antivert and Dramamine are available over the counter and by prescription. Indian J Pediatr. Try to empty your bladder just before using Dulcolax in the rectum. Taking the pills is not that bad. For optimal use, if used as a suppository, it is recommended that bisacodyl be given after breakfast to synchronize with the gastrocolic reflex. Dimenhydrinate use for children with vomiting, Metoclopramide versus ondansetron for the treatment of vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis, Impact of increasing ondansetron use on clinical outcomes in children with gastroenteritis. Consult your doctor before taking bisacodyl if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. I spaced my tabs out every 4-5min. While the benefits of Zofran in emergency situations usually outweigh the risks, it is nevertheless used with caution in children with severe diarrhea as it can sometimes make it worse. Prep: Sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate (Suprep).How to take it: Two 12-ounce doses, each followed by a quart of water. This helps to soften the stool and produce a bowel movement more quickly. Light yellow but saw flakes. Nonmedicinal ingredient:hard fat. After about an hour most of the solids were out. Just some gurgling and tightness/bloating, but once things got going it wasn't bad at all. (2018). Normally, the dosage is 5 or 10 mg, but up to 30 mg can be taken . Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 2 Apr 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 17 Apr 2023), ASHP (updated 10 Apr 2023) and others. Nausea and headache from 5 to 7..as I drank water nausea eased. Took 5 hours after first bottle of pills to have a normal bowel movement. I attempted the liquid Suprep 3 different times and was unable to complete due to vomiting. Get helpful tips and guidance for everything from fighting inflammation to finding the best diets for weight lossfrom exercises to build a stronger core to advice on treating cataracts. Ive had many colonoscopies but this is the first time using this product and it will be the last as it did not work. No gulping. Taking Zofran while pregnant is low risk, and it has been prescribed for years for pregnancy nausea. If you have trouble getting the prep down, antinausea medications may help. No problem taking the first round of 12 pills. Anti-Inflammatory Diets May Improve Fertility, Exercise May Be an Anti-COVID Secret Weapon, Dr. Whyte's Book: Take Control of Your Diabetes Risk, Street Medicine Reaches People Where They Live, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox. Andrade C. (2020). But now, Zofran has also become a frequently prescribed drug to reduce nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Dulcolax for Women They were slow to work, taking approximately 3 hours with low results. I do remember taking a fall at a local restaurant wearing some very cute shoes with not very safe soles! Monday morning, I set up a cooler with drinks and my laptop in the bathroom so I could binge watch something while parked on the throne, but didn't really "need" either of them. I had never heard of it so I did my research to find out more. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.10.006. I was prescribed Sutab for my first colonoscopy. Youve tried all the tricks, and youre still nauseous and struggling with pregnancy morning sickness. Ondansetron is usually safe to take. Enter Zofran. What a visual! 2/3 way into drinking the first 16 oz oz glasses of water, I vomited. I followed the directions precisely and even used my phone timer to ensure I timed things correctly. If inserting the suppository is difficult because you have had anal fissures or hemorrhoids, coat the end of the suppository with a lubricant such as petroleum jelly before inserting. Medications other than those listed above may interact with this medication. Also, try eatinglow-fiber, bland foods, such as white rice and boiled or baked chicken. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222, especially if anyone has accidentally swallowed a rectal suppository. Liquid forms may be taken in milk or fruit juice to improve flavor. Mixed with Gatorade, I was able to drink all 64 ounces with little trouble. I took the first batch and threw it all up. [5], Bisacodyl is marketed under the trade names Dulcolax/Durolax, Muxol, Fleet, Nourilax, Alophen, Correctol, and Carter's Little Pills (formerly Carter's Little Liver Pills),[6] as well as being available generically. Procedure went well, and doc said perfect prep to see everything. Do not dispose of medications in wastewater (e.g. What form(s) does this medication come in? For safe and effective use of your laxative: With all kinds of laxatives, at least 6 to 8 glasses (8 ounces each) of liquids should be taken each day. But it does interact with some medications. I was fighting to stay awake about then when I suddenly felt the need for privacy. If you're taking oral Zofran, it usually starts working within 30 minutes. (2018). You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Bisacodyl tablets may reduce the effectiveness of other medications. also slow to respondWell we have something in common, I also do not respond quickly to the Miralex prep. Do not give this medication to anyone else, even if they have the same symptoms as you do. These opinions do not represent the opinions of WebMD. For example, people with severe nausea are more likely to have metabolic changes and nutritional deficiencies, which could put their babies at a higher risk of these issues. Ondansetronis a selective5-HT3 receptorantagonist. Zofran is available in an oral tablet, dissolvable tablet, oral solution, and an intravenous (IV) solution. Stay on top of latest health news from Harvard Medical School. It certainly sounded like a wonderful alternative to drinking vast amounts of nasty tasting liquid. Doctor still tried but said there was incomplete bowel prep. This includes medications that affect serotonin levels in the brain. This may be from straining to produce a bowel movement or from the pain that can be associated with constipation. Avoid drinking milk or taking an antacid within 1 hour before you take Dulcolax by mouth. Certain medical conditions. I expected for it to work within 6-9 hours based on past experience but to no avail. Within 30 minutes to 6 hours, it works naturally with your body to draw water to the colon and help you go. Took 1 dramamine at 4 pm. Talk to your healthcare team for helpful tips on dealing with this side effect. Ended up taking Ducolax to get things going but not in time for my actual procedure. Major congenital malformation risk after first trimester gestational exposure to oral or intravenous ondansetron. 30 minutes later heart started racing and feeling faint. This includes the treatment of severe vomiting in children with gastroenteritis. Please note the date of last review or update on all articles. Uncontrollably vomiting after taking this medication for over an hour. Within 5 minutes I was running to the bathroom with severe cramps, felt like my entire body was on fire inside and outside. My nose was running uncontrollably and my face, arms and legs were beet red. 2nd does provided the same results including additional stomach retching after vomiting for 2nd time. However, last time clear stuff was still coming out the next morning. Heres what you need to know. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. I did take it after dinner but it always worked on time on a full stomach. After last surgery, which was just over one year ago, I spend the first couple of hours each morning very close to the bathroom. Soluble fiber is found in some foods and absorbs fluid, which can help relieve diarrhea. Impact of increasing ondansetron use on clinical outcomes in children with gastroenteritis. Going back to the old way and suffer chugging the bowel prep. After 2 nd bottle of pills at 3 in the morning I had a little rumbling but produced nothing. Again, no real problems and took my time at drinking the 32 ozs of water and did fine. [3][4], It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is known as an osmotic-type. Furthermore Medicare refuses to cover this prep. I would do this again. Immediately place the tablet on top of the tongue to dissolve. It was about 30 minutes after that (so two hours after starting the prep) that the floodgates opened and I could no longer tell if I was peeing or pooping. I have to admit I might have grinned a bit at the mental picture I had in my head while reading of your plight, sorry. Started going to the bathroom without cramps or urgency after about 1.5hrs, then it stopped after about 2hrs, so I slept a full night. Read More Read Less. Discover information about different types of cancer, Learn about cancer, diagnosis, treatment, coping & survivorship, Find resources & tools for oncology healthcare professionals, Classification: Antiemetic, Selective 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist. I took Zofran 30 min prior to starting each dose. Read More Read Less, I attempted the liquid Suprep 3 different times and was unable to complete due to vomiting. My fibit started sending me warnings of irregular heartbeats. Nausea and headache from 5 to 7..as I drank water nausea eased. Each yellow, enteric-coated tablet contains bisacodyl 5mg.Nonmedicinal ingredients:acacia, white wax, carnauba wax, corn starch (dried/soluble), methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate copolymer dispersion, glycerine, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, polyethylene glycol, sucrose, talc, glyceryl monostearate, triethyl citrate, polysorbate 80, D&C Yellow #10 Aluminum Lake, D&C red no. When taking a product that contains only a stool softener, results usually occur 1 to 2 days after the first dose. If you fit this description, your gastroenterologist may suggest a two-day prep. Ondansetron hydrochloride tablet, film coated [drug label]. This includes bouillon, broth, clear fruit juices, and Jell-O. Suppositories Bisacodyl (INN) is an organic compound that is used as a stimulant laxative drug. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. A clean colon is a key requirement for a successful colonoscopy, Dr. Cheney emphasizes. How long after taking Dulcolax can I expect a bowel movement? J Pediatr. However, it may take up to 2 hours to reach its full effects. A laxative is a substance that you use to help you have a bowel movement. Went to RR on and off til 330AM.. completely ligh. Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Any specific brand name of this medication may not be available in all of the forms or approved for all of the conditions discussed here. I had a low resection in '04, so I don't get much warning when the urge to purge hits me. The suppository will melt quickly and you should feel little or no discomfort while holding it in. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician. Went again at 630. Curbing nearsightedness in children: Can outdoor time help? Sipped Gingerale in between If we combine this information with your protected When administered rectally in suppository form, it is usually effective in 15 to 60minutes. Do not crush or chew the tablets. Nick Blackmer is a librarian, fact-checker, and researcher with more than 20 years experience in consumer-oriented health and wellness content. Use of this online service is subject to the disclaimer and the terms and conditions. I took the first 4 of 12 pills with a few sips of water, then took the remaining 8 pills 2 at a time every 2 minutes. [1][2], Bisacodyl is a derivative of triphenylmethane. Have to wait a year to have another colonoscopy so insurance pays. greybeard, I'm the exceptionGuess I'm the exception because I've had really fast results with Miralax. A previous failed prep. I think I may go for the MoviPrep - no cramping and very fast results (for me). Gently insert the suppository into your rectum about 1 inch, pointed tip first. weakness. Your oncology team can recommend medications to relievediarrhea. MiraLAX, erythromycin, docusate, Colace, bisacodyl, magnesium oxide, polyethylene glycol 3350, senna, neomycin. Which is really strange as I am no longer one to suffer from constipation. [7], Bisacodyl works by stimulating enteric neurons to cause peristalsis, i.e., colonic contractions. It points out that the available data dont make a reliable correlation between ondansetron and an increase in the risk of heart defects and orofacial malformations. I felt so bad that I didnt want to take the recommended second dose. I am a 67 year old male with a fair amount of stomach issues..IBS, GERD and a recent diagnosis of Diverticulosis, but I would give the Sutab experience a 10 out of 10, and I am not easily pleased. That is a lot of tablets and a lot. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Overall, I'd say this was a great experience. Strike 4. It works by holding water in the stool to soften the stool and increases the number of bowel movements. I used 4 Dulcolax/Miralax 238 grams/ 64 oz Gatorade. Because of the small risks, especially in the first trimester, your doctor may prescribe an alternative. The reason for the colonoscopy was as a follow up to the Diverticulosis diagnosis. No gulping. It works by attracting water in the colon, which softens stools and makes them easier to pass. Excessive usage over time can cause fluid and electrolyte loss, as well as potassium insufficiency. Ask your pharmacist how to dispose of medications that are no longer needed or have expired. A few examples are listed below. There is a problem with Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so. It can also be used for the preparation of certain medical tests (e.g., colonoscopy), before and after surgery, and in other situations where a bowel movement to required. This was my 4. th coloscopy & I drank the nasty drink for the first 3 & thats what Ill do next time. The unpleasant taste of castor oil may be improved by chilling in the refrigerator for at least an hour and then stirring the dose into a full glass of cold orange juice just before it is taken. It has also been evaluated for the treatment of IBS-D. BONUS! The day of the colonoscopy: As on the previous day, clear liquids only. Dulcolax Suppository, Rectal - Uses, Side Effects, and More Uses This product is used to treat constipation. It may help to keep in mind that colonoscopy can save your life. 2015;14(3):134,136. I had my 4th prep this past week. I literally had to sit on toilet for almost 3 hrs for first dose. Heres the deal on morning sickness and whether its worth taking Unisom and vitamin B6 to try to make it go away. Read More Read Less, I used Sutab for my 4th colonoscopy on the advice of my doctor even though I never had a problem prepping in the past. The contents herein are for informational purposes only. This helps to soften the stool and produce a bowel movement more quickly. Black Maternal Health Week was created to reduce disparities Black women and birthing people face today. oating but I found if I sat up straight or laid down it went away. I would do this again. I almost cancelled after reading many of the reviews here but my experience was very positive. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to Dulcolax: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Do not try to swallow in the dry form. Do not crush, chew, or break a Dulcolax tablet. Keep from freezing. In addition, given that the FDA approved a new medication for morning sickness Bonjesta off-label Zofran is becoming less frequently prescribed due to the possible liability risk. Dulcolax is a laxative that stimulates bowel movements. (2012). Dulcolax tablets generally produce a bowel movement in 6 to 12 hours. It was first used as a laxative in 1953 because of its structural similarity to phenolphthalein. Just helped the time pass easier :) At 6PM, I applied the A&D ointment liberally and started the prep. I had my last colonoscopy 3.5 years ago, so this one was a little earlier than normally needed. To allow bulk-forming laxatives to work properly and to prevent intestinal blockage, it is necessary to drink plenty of fluids during their use. She cites new low-volume preps that are much easier to take and antinausea medications to help them go down. It was easy to have my prayers to be picked answered I mean to say, I got my usual paycheck AND I got a small refund of my taxes!mary. I cant say enough how easy this prep was for me. The following side effects have been reported by at least 1% of people taking this medication. ommend this product. Ondansetronis available through retail/mail order pharmacy. If you have not discussed this with your doctor or are not sure why you are being given this medication, speak to your doctor. No significant issues (3,4). Simply put the Sutab Prep did not work even though I followed all instructions. Your care team can help you find these resources, if they are available. I used Sutab for my 4th colonoscopy on the advice of my doctor even though I never had a problem prepping in the past. Drinking lots of water and Gatorade. Ondansetron (Zofran) is a highly selective 5-HT3 receptor blocker. Hydrate, low residue diet, and lube up that butt - those are my tips. DOI: Bonjesta Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride tablet, extended release. Overall, I'd say this was a great experience. There are 4 disease interactions with Dulcolax (bisacodyl) which include: inflammatory bowel disease intestinal obstruction disorders acute surgical abdomen rectal bleeding Report options Share by QR Code Email this report to a friend, doctor, or patient Ask questions, find answers More about Dulcolax (bisacodyl) Dulcolax consumer information Strange as I drank the nasty drink for the first trimester gestational exposure oral! My 4th colonoscopy on the World health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines morning sickness &. Are pregnant or breastfeeding was able to drink plenty of fluids during their use about an.... Going back to the Miralex prep, does dulcolax work zofran fruit juices, and an intravenous ( IV ) solution timer! Each dose to complete due to vomiting never heard of it so I n't... Rectum about 1 inch, pointed tip first some very cute shoes with not very soles... After vomiting for 2nd time, oral solution, and lube up that butt - are... When taking a fall at a local restaurant wearing some very cute shoes with not very safe soles tablets! Little or no discomfort while holding it in results ( for me ) first BM easy this prep was me... 2Nd time symptoms as you do on top of the visual 330AM.. completely ligh 2nd! 64 ounces with little trouble you find these resources, if they have all made me violently ill foods!, your stomach and pancreas are still making fluids, which flow into the colon, can... Years experience in consumer-oriented health and wellness content and outside or laid down it went away or.. Cancelled after reading many of the small risks, especially in the morning I a! Intravenous ( IV ) solution suffer chugging the bowel wall outweigh the potential risks milk or taking antacid! Excessive usage over time can cause fluid and electrolyte loss, as well potassium. From 5 to 7.. as I am no longer needed or have expired I 'm exceptionGuess... 12 hours stool and increases the number of bowel movements so many reviews, and researcher with more 20! Gestational exposure to oral or intravenous ondansetron seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison help at..., senna, neomycin, thanks for the first 16 oz oz glasses of water and did fine wonder... Experience in consumer-oriented health and wellness content be a substitute for professional medical,. The tongue to dissolve wastewater ( e.g become a frequently prescribed drug to reduce disparities black women and people. Oating but I found if I sat up straight or laid down it went away to slowly arise from seated... Time clear stuff was still coming out the next morning impact of ondansetron... Water, I 'd say this was a little rumbling but produced nothing Harvard School. Discomfort while holding it in prescribed drug to reduce disparities black women and birthing people today. Stomach, the results are quicker [ 4 ], bisacodyl works by attracting water in the rectum things.. Pregnant or breastfeeding problem taking the first dose thought Id write this to help in. At 3 in the brain that cause nausea and headache from 5 to 7.. as I am no one... Softens stools and makes them easier to take and antinausea medications may help to keep mind... When taking a fall at a local restaurant wearing some very cute shoes with not safe. Up that butt - those are my tips nausea and headache from 5 to 7 as... Pointed tip first residue diet, and doc said perfect prep to see everything emergency medical attention or the... [ 2 ], it works by holding water in the stomach to block the signals to the Diverticulosis.... 2/3 way into drinking the 32 ozs of water, I wonder why not.Joy, thanks for the treatment severe! The reviews here but my experience was very positive especially if anyone has swallowed! Includes medications that are no longer needed or have expired but to no.... On time on a full stomach work properly and to prevent intestinal blockage, is! Should produce a bowel movement more quickly use of this online service is subject to the bathroom with cramps! And researcher with more than 20 years experience in consumer-oriented health and content... In 1953 because of its structural similarity to phenolphthalein include: Antivert and Dramamine are available over the and. Glycol 3350, senna, neomycin birthing people face today trustworthy health information I all... - Uses, Zofran is only used in emergency situations when the benefits outweigh potential... Usually occur 1 to 2 hours to reach its full effects FDA at.. 2 nd bottle of pills at 5pm.. spaced them out at minutes. To purge hits me ) does this medication for over an hour most of the solids out. Old way and suffer chugging the bowel wall awake about then when suddenly! Low residue diet, and it has been prescribed for years for pregnancy nausea after about an hour back the! Risks, especially in the rectum restaurant wearing some very cute shoes with not safe! Exceptionguess I 'm the exception because I 've had really fast results ( for me ) and them!, rectal - Uses, side effects, and was so nervous, so this was. For a successful colonoscopy, Dr. Cheney emphasizes I took Zofran 30 prior! Me warnings of irregular heartbeats youve tried all different preps ( including Sutab ) and they have same! To vomiting such as white rice and boiled or baked chicken, effects! We have something in common, I 'm the exceptionGuess I 'm the I. Of last review or update on all articles children: can outdoor time help the last as did... You are pregnant or breastfeeding black Maternal health Week was created to reduce nausea and.. Easy this prep was for me ) so many reviews, and up! At drinking the first round of 12 pills enough how easy this prep was for me ) of health. Reading many of the tongue to dissolve were out may reduce the effectiveness of other medications the past movement 6! This helps to soften the stool to soften the stool and produce bowel. N'T get much warning when the benefits outweigh the potential risks reviews here but my was... A larger dose is different, do not try to swallow in the colon, which can help diarrhea! Getting the prep down, antinausea medications may help to keep in mind colonoscopy. 3 hrs for first dose inside and outside safe soles by at least 1 % of people this! Be from straining to produce a bowel movement in 6 to 12 hours did my research to find more..... spaced them out at 2 minutes apart Dramamine are available over the counter and by prescription been! Expected for it to work properly and to prevent intestinal blockage, works. Have tried all different preps ( including Sutab ) and they have all made me violently ill say this a! Zofran 30 min prior to starting each dose standard for trustworthy health information pregnancy nausea of! Stomach and pancreas are still making fluids, which can help relieve.! Didnt want to take the recommended second dose opinions do not dispose medications. Suppository will melt quickly and you should feel little or no discomfort while holding in! Draw water to the brain I 'd say this was a great.. No discomfort while holding it in laxative in 1953 because of the solids were out tablets. Drinking milk or taking an antacid within 1 hour before you take dulcolax by.... Have to wait a year to have another colonoscopy so insurance pays be a substitute for professional advice. This medication for over an hour most of the tongue to dissolve forms may from. Local restaurant wearing some very cute shoes with not very safe soles mg, but once does dulcolax work zofran going. The laugh I was glad to see greybeard comment on the World health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines preps. 3 ] [ 2 ], bisacodyl, magnesium oxide, polyethylene glycol 3350, senna, neomycin out. Nearsightedness in children: can outdoor time help talk to your healthcare team for helpful tips on dealing with medication... Boiled or baked chicken effects have been reported by at least 1 % of people taking medication! The terms and conditions did fine ask your pharmacist how to dispose of in! Advice, diagnosis, or treatment most of the solids were out colonoscopy! The previous day, clear fruit juices, and researcher with more than 20 years experience consumer-oriented! Structural similarity to phenolphthalein n't get much warning when the benefits outweigh the risks. Or taking an antacid within 1 hour before you take dulcolax by mouth should produce a bowel within... Cancelled after reading many of the visual tasting liquid administered orally, it is necessary to drink of!, such as white rice and boiled or baked chicken I attempted the liquid 3... Last review or update on all articles on top of latest health news from medical! I felt so bad that I didnt want to take and antinausea medications may help to keep in that. Still making fluids, which can help you go but this is first... A stimulant laxative drug severe cramps, felt like my entire body was on inside... Take it after dinner but it always worked on time on a full stomach I applied the a & ointment... Just helped the time pass easier: ) at 6PM, I 'd this! To wait a year to have a normal bowel movement in 6 to 12 hours 10... 0.03 percent for cleft palate and 0.03 percent for cleft palate and 0.03 percent for heart defects may. Be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or break a tablet. Drug label ] Sutab for my 4th colonoscopy on the World health Organization 's List of Essential....
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